Laser　surface　structuring　has　been　demonstrated　to　be　a　versatile　technology　to　create　various　functional　materials　by　modifying　solid　surface　properties.　An　interesting　experimental　phenomenon　of　self-organized　periodic　microholes　array　formation　is　demonstrated　by　exposing　an　aluminum　surface　to　femtosecond　laser　irradiation.　The　microholes　with　a　diameter　much　smaller　than　focal　laser　spot　size　are　produced　along　laser　scan　paths　due　to　the　incubation　effect　of　multiple　laser　scans,　and　they　spontaneously　form　a　highly　ordered　microholes　array　after　80　scans.　It　is　found　that　the　microhole　period　and　diameter　are　highly　dependent　on　laser　fluence,　and　controllable　microholes　arrays　with　different　periods　and　diameters　are　achieved　by　adjusting　laser　fluence.　The　physical　mechanism　behind　the　formation　of　the　microholes　array　is　attributed　to　femtosecond　laser-induced　melting　and　Marangoni　effect.　The　research　provides　a　novel　processing　approach　to　achieve　controllable　microholes　surface　materials　fabrication　at　a　high　speed　on　metal　substrates,　which　are　of　great　interests　for　various　technological　applications.