Due　to　the　disruption　in　the　cycles　of　rainfall,　increasing　atmospheric　temperatures　and　a　rise　in　CO2　emissions,　food　security　is　at　a　risk　globally.　This　has　posed　severe　threats　to　food　availability,　quality,　quantity　and　livelihoods　of　the　stakeholders　in　the　agricultural　industry.　Thus,　an　integration　of　smart　and　environment　friendly　systems　is　inevitable　to　sustain　the　natural　resources,　livelihoods,　food　production　and　distribution　to　thereby　ensure　food　security　and　mitigate　climate　change　risks.　To　that　end,　Smart　Agriculture　(SA)　and　Climate　Smart　Agriculture　(CSA)　augment　the　existing　agricultural　systems　to　adapt　to　and　mitigate　changing　climatic　conditions　while　ensuring　resource　utilization　optimization.　Through　the　use　of　latest　technologies,　such　as　the　Internet　of　Things　(IoT),　Artificial　Intelligence,　Geo-informatics　and　Big　Data　analytics,　SA　and　CSA　have　been　widely　studied　to　determine　optimal　crop　health　and　increase　food　safety.　However,　there　is　a　need　to　analyze　the　role　of　SA　and　CSA　in　reducing　the　impact　of　climate　change　on　food　security.　This　paper　presents　an　analytical　review　of　SA　and　CSA　along　with　a　thorough　CSA　architectural　taxonomy.　We　also　highlight　the　limitations　in　the　existing　literature,　and　present　recommendations　to　address　the　open　issues.　©　2020　IEEE.