Urban　traffic　congestion　has　become　a　big　problem　that　obstructs　sustainable　urban　development.　Enhancing　the　road　network　operation　quality　is　an　effective　way　to　alleviate　congestion.　The　evaluation　of　urban　road　network　operation　quality　is　different　from　the　congestion　evaluation;　it　is　a　method　for　measuring　the　controllability　of　urban　road　network　with　increasing　traffic　demand　pressure.　Based　on　the　two-fluid　model　of　urban　macroscopic　traffic　flow　theory,　two　indicators　including　the　Traffic　Smoothness　Index　(TSI)　and　the　Network　Adaptability　Index　(NAI)　were　established　to　describe　the　urban　road　network　operation　quality.　The　model　of　large-scale　high-frequency　trajectory　data　processing　to　calculate　the　operation　quality　evaluation　indicators　was　proposed.　Then,　two　China　cities　of　Beijing　and　Shanghai　were　taken　as　examples　to　analyze　the　operation　quality　of　urban　road　network.　The　results　show　that　the　quality　of　the　road　network　operation　in　Shanghai　is　better　than　that　of　Beijing.　The　degree　of　smoothness　of　the　two　cities＇　road　network　gradually　improves　from　the　downtown　area　to　the　border　of　urban　area,　but　the　road　network　in　downtown　areas　have　higher　adaptability　in　both　cities.　The　study　is　of　great　significance　to　improve　the　operation　quality　of　urban　road　network　and　the　service　level　of　traffic　system.　©　2018　IEEE.