In　order　to　investigate　the　early　hydration　behavior　of　rapid　setting　and　hardening　belite　sulfoaluminate　cements,　the　methods　of　X-ray　Diffraction,　Scanning　Electron　Microscope,　Compressive　Strength　test　and　Setting　Times　test　were　used　to　identify　and　quantify　the　hydration　kinetics　and　microstructure　of　this　new-found　cements　in　China.　The　results　showed　that　the　main　mineral　compositions　of　high　belite　sulfoaluminate　cement　clinker　included　calcium　sulfoaluminate　(4CaO·3Al2O3·CaSO4),　belite　(2CaO·SiO2),　ferrite　phase,　free　gypsum　and　free　lime.　It　was　found　that　not　only　the　setting　time　and　compressive　strength　but　also　the　composition　of　hydration　products　were　influenced　by　anhydrite　to　some　extent.　Meanwhile,　a　mass　of　AFt　and　AFm　generated　along　with　the　hydration　process　at　different　ages,　overlapped,　crossed　and　penetrated　through　calcium　silicate　hydrate　gel　and　aluminum　oxide　to　form　a　relatively　dense　structure　which　could　contribute　to　the　high　strength　of　cement.　©　2017　Trans　Tech　Publications,　Switzerland.