Bamboo　is　a　fiber-reinforced　bio-composite　with　superior　structural　behavior.　For　the　purpose　of　analyzing　the　correlations　between　the　mechanical　properties　of　bamboo　and　fiber　volume　fraction,　tensile　tests　were　performed　on　bamboo　test　specimen,　and　the　corresponding　volume　fractions　of　fiber　and　parenchymatous　ground　tissue　were　measured.　Linear　and　curvilinear　regressions　were　done　from　tested　data　of　elastic　modulus,　tensile　strength　and　volume　fractions　of　fiber.　The　results　display　that　there　is　an　obvious　correlation　between　bamboo　tensile　properties　and　fiber　volume　fraction.　In　order　to　analyze　the　effects　of　fiber　gradient　distribution　on　bamboo　structural　behavior,　models　composed　of　fiber　and　parenchymatous　tissue　were　built　based　on　different　fiber　distribution　for　comparative　analysis.　The　analysis　results　show　that　the　maximum　deformation　of　4　layers　model　is　3.86%　less　than　1　layer　model,　and　the　maximum　deformation　of　8　layers　model　is　8.87%　less　than　4　layers　model.　In　the　part　of　maximum　axial　stress,　the　maximum　axial　stress　of　4　layers　model　is　3.27%　less　than　1　layer　model,　and　the　maximum　axial　stress　of　8　layers　model　is　8.90%　less　than　4　layers　model.　Conclusion　can　be　drawn　from　the　comparison　that　the　strength　and　stiffness　of　the　model　appear　to　be　growing　with　the　degree　of　fiber　gradient　distribution　deepening　from　1　layer　model　to　4　layers　model,　and　4　layers　model　to　8　layers　model.It　can　be　concluded　that　the　mechanical　properties　of　bamboo　structure　are　significantly　improved　because　of　fiber　gradient　distribution.　©　(2014)　Trans　Tech　Publications,　Switzerland.