This　study　developed　a　low-energy　consumption　composite　wall　structure　constructed　with　a　pre-fabricated　lightweight　steel　frame　that　is　suitable　for　houses　in　villages　and　towns　and　evaluated　its　anti-seismic　performance.　A　low-reversed　cyclic-loading　test　was　conducted　on　four　full-scale　prefabricated　structure　specimens,　including　a　lightweight,　concrete-filled　steel　tube　(CFST)　column　frame　specimen　(abbreviated　as　SFCF),　a　lightweight　CFST　column　frame　composite　wall　specimen　(abbreviated　as　SFCFW),　an　H-steel　column　frame　specimen　(abbreviated　as　HSCF)　and　an　H-steel　column　frame　composite　wall　specimen　(abbreviated　as　HSCFW).　The　failure　characteristics,　hysteretic　behaviour,　strength,　rigidity,　ductility　and　energy　dissipation　capacity　of　each　specimen　were　compared　and　analysed.　The　results　demonstrated　that　the　pre-fabricated,　double　L-shaped　beam-column　joint　with　a　stiffener　rib　which　was　proposed　in　this　study　worked　reliably　and　exhibited　good　anti-seismic　performance.　The　yield,　ultimate　and　frame　yield　loads　of　the　specimen　SFCFW　were　1.72,　1.80　and　2.03　times　higher　than　those　of　specimen　SFCF.　The　yield　load,　ultimate　load　and　frame　yield　loads　of　specimen　HSCFW　were　1.27,　1.68　and　1.82　times　higher　than　those　of　specimen　HSCF.　This　indicates　that　the　embedded　composite　wall　contributed　significantly　to　the　horizontal　bearing　capacities　of　the　SFCF　and　HSCF　specimens.　The　embedded　composite　wall　was　divided　into　multiple　strip-shaped　composite　panels　during　failure　and　achieved　a　stable　support　for　the　frame　in　the　later　stages　of　elastoplastic　deformation.　The　horizontal　strips　of　the　tongue-and-groove　connection　between　the　strip-shaped　composite　panels　produced　reciprocating　bite　displacements,　and　ultimately　improved　the　structure＇s　energy　dissipation　capacity　significantly.