Layered　structure　anticipation　method　for　inter-frame　prediction　based　on　the　spatial-temporal　correlation　and　mode　homology　features　of　encoding　block　is　proposed　in　this　paper.　Firstly,　the　non-equilibrium　distribution　of　inter　prediction　is　found,　and　a　temporal-spatial　related　fast　mode　decision　algorithm　is　proposed　to　realize　a　pre-determination　of　intra　or　inter　mode　in　the　P　frame　encoding.　According　to　the　analysis　of　multi-block-size　of　inter　prediction　and　temporal-spatial　continuity　and　consistency,　design　and　implement　multi-layer　fast　inter　mode　decision　algorithm　including　skip　mode　pre-decision,　macro-block　division　mode　prediction　and　sub-block　segmentation　mode　chosen.　Simulation　results　show　that　the　proposed　algorithm　can　achieve　reduction　of　70.01%　encoding　time　on　average　compared　by　exhaustive　search　algorithm　for　H.264/AVC.　It　obtains　a　significant　reduction　in　the　computational　complexity　without　degradation　in　quality,　which　achieves　robustness　and　comprehensive　optimization　of　encoding　performance.　©　2012　IEEE.