Heilongjiang　province　has　the　largest　area　for　agriculture　in　China　and　its　agriculture　is　a　big　non-point　source　for　water　pollution.　The　policy　reasons　of　this　problem　were　investigated　extensively　and　recommendations　were　put　forward　in　this　paper.　Policy　reasons　that　lead　to　agriculture　as　a　non-point　source　of　pollution　in　Heilongjiang　province　included:　unbalance　of　economy　growth　and　environmental　protection　in　Poverty　Alleviation　Policy;　excessive　pollution-produced　materials　employments　stimulated　by　Agricultural　Allowance　Policy;　negative　environmental　effects　of　Family-based　Contracted　Responsibility　Policy;　side　effect　of　agricultural　structure　adjustment　during　past　years.　Recommendations　to　reduce　non-point　source　pollution　produced　by　agriculture　were:　agricultural　structure　adjustment　under　Heilongjiang　Ecologic　Province　Construction　Plan;　environmental　protection　infrastructures　construction　in　rural　area　financed　by　Chinese　New　Country　Plan;　ecological　compensation　policy,　non-point　source　pollution　tax　and　discharge　right　transaction　foundation　in　rural　areas　etc.　©2010　IEEE.