In　this　study,　polyvinylidene　fluoride　(PVDF)　hollow　fibers　with　interpenetrating　network　morphologies　were　fabricated　via　complex　thermally　induced　phase　separation　(c-TIPS)　by　integration　of　non-solvent　induced　phase　separation　(NIPS)　and　thermally　induced　phase　separation　(TIPS)　at　80　degrees　C　and　then　tested　in　membrane　distillation　(MD).　The　effects　of　solvents,　additive　and　bore　fluid　on　the　membrane　morphology,　pore　structure　and　MD　performance　were　investigated.　Direct-contact　membrane　distillation　(DCMD)　for　desalination　was　carried　out　to　evaluate　membrane　permeability　and　salt　rejection.　Using　a　weak　solvent　like　triethylphosphate　(TEP)　and　weak　bore　fluid　like　polyethylene　glycol　(PEG-200)　in　the　c-TIPS　favors　the　formation　of　an　interpenetrating　network　morphology.　In　addition,　PEG-200　increased　the　roughness　and　water　contact　angle　of　the　inner　skin.　The　hollow　fibers　fabricated　via　the　c-TIPS　at　low　temperature　presented　high　permeability,　mechanical　strength　and　long-term　stability.　In　desalination　of　formulated　seawater,　a　distillate　flux　of　61.6　kg/m(2)　h　with　NaCl　rejection　of　99.99%　was　achieved　at　feed　temperature　of　71　degrees　C.　(C)　2018　Taiwan　Institute　of　Chemical　Engineers.　Published　by　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.