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An operating model for scandate cathode with fine sub-micro structure Sc2O3 doped W bodies was discussed. High mixing quality of Sc2O3 doped W bodies were made by a liquid-liquid doping technique and carefully controlled pressing and sintering procedures. During activation, the accumulation of Sc on surface was ascribed to diffusion from interior body with Ba and O. A multi-layer of Ba-Sc-O was formed on surface of this kind of cathode, which is in the close relationship with its emission properties.
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