Ultra-short　laser　pulses　possess　many　advantages　for　materials　processing.　Ultrafast　laser　has　a　significantly　low　thermal　effect　on　the　areas　surrounding　the　focal　point;　therefore,　it　is　a　promising　tool　for　micro-and　submicro-sized　precision　processing.　In　addition,　the　nonlinear　multiphoton　absorption　phenomenon　of　focused　ultra-short　pulses　provides　a　promising　method　for　the　fabrication　of　various　structures　on　transparent　material,　such　as　glass　and　transparent　polymers.　A　laser　direct　writing　process　was　applied　in　the　fabrication　of　high-performance　three-dimensional　(3D)　structured　multilayer　micro-supercapacitors　(MSCs)　on　polymer　substrates　exhibiting　a　peak　specific　capacitance　of　42.6　mF.cm(-2)　at　a　current　density　of　0.1　mA.cm(-2).　Furthermore,　a　flexible　smart　sensor　array　on　a　polymer　substrate　was　fabricated　for　multi-flavor　detection.　Different　surface　treatments　such　as　gold　plating,　reduced-graphene　oxide　(rGO)　coating,　and　polyaniline　(PANI)　coating　were　accomplished　for　different　measurement　units.　By　applying　principal　component　analysis　(PCA),　this　sensing　system　showed　a　promising　result　for　flavor　detection.　In　addition,　two-dimensional　(2D)　periodic　metal　nanostructures　inside　3D　glass　microfluidic　channels　were　developed　by　all-femtosecond-laser　processing　for　real-time　surface-enhanced　Raman　spectroscopy　(SERS).　The　processing　mechanisms　included　laser　ablation,　laser　reduction,　and　laser-induced　surface　nano-engineering.　These　works　demonstrate　the　attractive　potential　of　ultra-short　pulsed　laser　for　surface　precision　manufacturing.　(C)　2018　THE　AUTHORS.　Published　by　Elsevier　LTD　on　behalf　of　Chinese　Academy　of　Engineering　and　Higher　Education　Press　Limited　Company.