The　fatigue　and　healing　performance　of　asphalt　binder　affect　the　durability　of　asphalt　concrete　and　by　extension,　asphalt　pavements.　The　objectives　of　this　paper　are　to　(1)　estimate　the　fatigue　and　healing　characteristics　of　asphalt　binder　by　newly　developed　linear　amplitude　sweep　(LAS)　and　LAS-based　Healing　(LASH)　protocols,　and　(2)　investigate　the　relationship　between　chemical　composition　of　asphalt　and　engineering　performance.　Three　neat　asphalt　binders　(Pen-30,　Pen-50　and　Pen-70)　and　one　SBS　modified　binder　are　selected　for　this　study.　Experimental　results　indicate　that　the　SBS　binder　has　advanced　fatigue　resistance　among　all　tested　binders　and　the　softer　neat　binder　with　a　higher　penetration　grade　generally　displays　better　fatigue　performance.　The　fatigue　failure　occurrence　is　a　significant　threshold　for　healing　potential　comparison.　The　rate　of　healing　(H-R)　results　suggest　that　the　best　healing　potential　is　with　Pen-70　binder　in　pre-failure　conditions　followed　by　the　SBS　binder,　Pen-50　and　Pen-30　binders.　However,　the　SBS　binder　presents　better　healing　performance　than　Pen-70　binder　in　post-failure　condition.　Further　solvency　fractionation,　into　saturates,　aromatics,　resins　and　asphaltenes,　indicates　that　the　asphaltene　content　is　negatively　proportional　to　the　quantified　binder　fatigue　life　whereas　the　H-R　index　is　found　to　be　well　correlated　to　the　weight　percents　of　saturates　and　ratio　of　saturates　to　aromatics　(S/Ar).　The　combined　use　of　LAS　and　LASH　tests　is　recommended　for　effectively　distinguishing　and　designing　the　fatigue-healing　performance　of　neat　and　modified　asphalt　binders.　Limiting　the　contents　of　asphaltenes　would　be　of　help　to　improve　the　binder　fatigue　resistance　and　either　saturates　percent　or　S/Ar　parameter　should　be　considered　to　assure　the　self-healing　potential　of　asphalt　binder.