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The overgrowth of the glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) has become one of the main reasons causing the unsteady operation of enhanced phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes. Therefore, the metabolic mechanism of GAOs as well as their microbial morphology and community is introduced for better understanding the exact microbial community of EBPR. GAOs can use synthetic glycogen as the energy source to assimilate volatile fatty acids (VAFs) anaerobically, resulting in a competition with phosphorus accumulation organisms (PAOs) for VAFs. Also, they will become the dominate population under un-identified conditions by outcompeting PAOs, ultimately leading to the failure of EBPR. The studies show that the influent organic composition, P/C, pH, temperature and nitrites are the key factors impacting the competition between PAOs and GAOs. Within the certain ranges of the above operational parameters, the accumulation of GAOs occurs and the PAOs activities will be completely inhibited.
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