Using　plant　leaves　as　eco-friendly　heat-insulating　building　materials,　five　poplar　leaf　modification　methods　were　employed　to　improve　the　compatibility　between　leaf　fibers　and　cement-based　materials　in　composites.　Mechanical　properties,　water　absorption　and　heat-insulating　properties　of　leaf　fiber　cement-based　composite　materials　(LFCCM)　containing　unmodified　and　modified　leaf　fibers　were　analyzed.　The　results　indicated　that　pure　acrylic　emulsion　spray　was　the　best　fiber　processing　method　in　terms　of　mechanical　properties　of　LFCCM,　followed　by　sodium　silicate　solution　spraying;　water　dipping　was　also　recommended　and　the　strength　of　LFCCM　with　lye　fiber　dipping　performed　the　worst.　The　optimal　fiber　treatment　method　of　improving　thermal　insulation　properties　of　LFCCM　was　lye　dipping,　followed　by　pure　acrylic　polymer　emulsion　spraying　and　sodium　silicate　solution　spraying　had　the　worst　performance.　With　a　thermal　conductivity　＜　0.250　W/(m.K),　LFCCM　is　an　ideal　heat-insulating　material.　Overall,　considering　strength　and　thermal　conductivity,　pure　acrylic　polymer　emulsion　spraying　is　an　optimal　treatment　method　of　leaf　fibers.