One-dimensional　(1D)　nano-ferroelectrics　have　important　applications　in　the　electronics　industry,　and　their　high-quality　synthesis　has　attracted　a　great　deal　of　interest　in　the　field　of　the　chemistry　of　materials.　In　this　work,　single-crystal　perovskite　(Ba-0.5,Sr-0.5)TiO3　nanorods　have　been　prepared　by　a　topochemical　molten-salt　synthesis　(TMSS)　method.　The　conversion　process　and　the　topochemical　mechanism　have　been　investigated,　on　the　basis　of　XRD,　SEM,　and　TEM　analyses.　The　TMSS　method　contains　two　main　steps.　In　the　first　step,　1D　BaTi2O5　nanocrystals　are　synthesized　in　a　molten　environment.　In　the　second　step,　using　these　BaTi2O5　monoclinic　nanorods　as　templates,　(Ba-0.5,Sr-0.5)TiO3　perovskite　nanorods　are　constructed　through　a　topochemical　reaction.　The　results　reveal　that　the　1D　morphology　of　(Ba-0.5,Sr-0.5)TiO3　can　be　maintained　over　a　wide　temperature　range,　between　800　degrees　C　and　1000　degrees　C.　Using　the　1D　BaTi2O5　as　a　template,　the　1D　morphology　of　(Ba-x,Sr1-x)TiO3　(x　=　0.5-1)　can　be　obtained　at　900　degrees　C,　and　the　1D　morphology　is　almost　independent　of　the　Ba/Sr　ratio.　In　addition,　changing　the　combination　of　the　A-site　complex　ions　significantly　affects　the　morphology　of　the　product.　For　(Ba,Ca)TiO3,　the　product　is　assembled　in　a　1D　direction　by　nanoparticles,　not　regular　nanorods.　This　TMSS　method　is　facile　and　can　be　developed　to　construct　other　orientated　functional　materials.