Highly　anisotropic　SmCo5　single　crystal　particles　are　promising　candidates　for　high-density　data　storage　and　building　nanocomposite　permanent　magnets　with　large　maximum　energy　product.　Previously,　nanocrystalline　SmCo5　particles　obtained　by　calciothermic　reduction　exhibit　low　magnetic　energy　product　due　to　magnetic　isotropy　caused　by　severely　agglomerated　equiaxial　particles.　In　this　study,　we　report　a　new　strategy　to　fabricate　highly　anisotropic　SmCo5　nanochips　by　reductive　annealing　of　precursors　with　a　special　designed　morphology.　The　precursors　containing　single　crystal　Co(OH)(2)　nanoflakes　and　crystalline　Sm(OH)(3)　nanorods　were　synthesized　by　a　hydrothermal　process,　and　converted　into　SmCo5　nanochips　by　subsequent　thermal　reduction,　during　which　the　Co(OH)(2)　nanoflakes　facilitate　the　formation　of　SmCo5　nanochips　as　a　template　and　Sm(OH)(3)　nanorods　help　to　maintain　the　hexagonal　morphology　and　single　crystal　nature.　The　SmCo5　nanochips　exhibit　strong　magnetic　anisotropy　and　excellent　room　temperature　magnetic　properties　with　a　remanence　of　7.7　kG,　coercivity　of　19.3　kOe,　and　maximum　energy　product　of　14.4　MGOe,　which　is　the　highest　recorded　value　for　chemical　synthesized　nanostructured　SmCo5　particles.