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The behavior of biological phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) removal in a lab-scaled anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O)-biological aerated filter (BAF) combined system were investigated during the treatment of real domestic sewage with low C/N ratio. In order to solve the conflict of sludge retention time (SRT)between nitrifiers and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs), a short SRT was applied in the A2/O reactor to wash out the nitrifiers. Therefore, in the system, the A2/O reactor was mainly used for P removal and denitrification and the BAF reactor was used for nitrification. The experimental results clearly showed that COD, N and P can be simultaneously removed in this combined system. When the C/N ratio was 4.2 and the internal recycle ratio was 250%, the concentrations of COD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus(TP)were reduced from 239.9 mg · L-1, 57.3 mg · L-1 and 5.1 mg · L-1 in the raw waste water to 34.1 mg · L-1, 13.3 mg · L-1 and 0.1 mg · L-1 in the effluent, respectively. The removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP reached to 85.8%, 76.9% and 98.3%, respectively. In addition, almost 100% ammonium nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved in the BAF reactor. Batch tests showed that the population of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms (DPAOs) was up to 40.5% of the total PAOs.
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