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A laboratory sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was fed with activated sludge flocs for simultaneous phosphorus removal and granulation by control of the anaerobic-aerobic operational modes. After 146 days, the average particle size of mature granules was about 603 μm; sludge volume index (SVI) was about 30 mL·g-1; COD removal rate was up to 90%; and phosphorus removal rate was up to 95%. Analysis of the fate of phosphorus showed that phosphorus accumulates in the granular sludge besides the anaerobic phosphorus release and aerobic phosphorus uptake in the granular sludge system. The phosphorus removal pathways mainly include sludge discharge (suspended solid and excess sludge discharge) and phosphorus accumulation in the sludge. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of granular sludge from the end of the anaerobic phase indicate that chemical precipitation is an important mode of phosphorus accumulation in sludge. Inorganic salts formed by metal ions and phosphate accumulated in the granular sludge.
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