Aiming　at　the　complexity　of　the　network　transmission　environment　and　the　decentralization　of　the　monitoring　sites　in　the　middle　route　of　the　South　to　North　Water　Diversion　Project,　this　article　presents　a　water　conservancy　monitoring　architecture　based　on　the　visual　sensor　networks.　First,　a　network　assessment　method　is　proposed　to　evaluate　the　sensor　networks　condition,　and　the　encoder　is　adjusted　with　the　result　of　the　sensor　networks　condition　evaluation.　Then,　based　on　distributed　database　architecture　and　visualization　system　construction,　a　three-level　structure　of　the　water　conservancy　monitoring　system　is　designed　and　built.　The　experiment　results　show　that　the　water　conservancy　monitoring　system　proposed　in　this　article　meets　the　transmission　requirement　under　the　complex　sensor　networks　condition　of　water　conservancy　project.　The　water　conservancy　monitoring　system　has　been　applied　to　the　middle　route　of　the　South　to　North　Water　Diversion　Project,　which　achieves　the　needs　of　engineering　applications.