Highly　controllable　structural　transformation　of　various　doped　carbon　and　boron　nitride　nanomaterials　have　been　achieved　with　the　perspective　of　their　application　in　microelectronics,　optoelectronics,　energy　devices　and　catalytic　reactions.　Specifically,　the　syntheses　of　one-dimensional　(1D)　boron　and　nitrogen　co-doped　tube-like　carbon　nanorods　and　2D　vertical　carbon　and　oxygen　co-doped　boron　nitride　nanosheets　on　silicon　coated　with　gold　films　in　N-2-H-2　plasma　was　demonstrated.　During　the　synthesis　of　nanomaterials,　boron　carbide　was　used　as　carbon　and　boron　sources.　The　results　of　characterizations　by　scanning　and　transmission　electron　microscopes,　as　well　as　micro-Raman　and　X-ray　photoelectron　spectroscopes　indicate　that　the　formation　of　different　nanomaterials　relates　to　the　growth　temperature　and　quantity　of　boron　carbide.　Specifically,　1D　tube-like　carbon　nanorods　doped　with　boron　and　nitrogen　are　formed　at　similar　to　910　degrees　C　using　a　small　quantity　of　boron　carbide,　while　2D　vertical　boron　nitride　nanosheets　doped　with　carbon　and　oxygen　are　grown　at　similar　to　870　degrees　C　using　a　large　quantity　of　boron　carbide.　These　studies　indicate　that　the　behaviors　of　a　reactive　intermediate　product　B2O3　on　surfaces　of　Au　nanoparticles　play　an　important　role　in　the　formation　of　different　nanomaterials,　i.e.,　whether　the　B2O3　molecules　deposited　on　Au　nanoparticles　are　desorbed　mainly　determines　the　formation　of　different　nanomaterials.　The　formation　of　2D　vertical　carbon　and　oxygen　co-doped　boron　nitride　nanosheets　is　related　to　the　high　growth　rate　of　edges　of　nanosheets.　Furthermore,　the　photoluminescence　(PL)　properties　of　1D　boron　and　nitrogen　co-doped　tube-like　carbon　nanorods　and　2D　vertical　carbon　and　oxygen　co-doped　boron　nitride　nanosheets　were　studied　at　room　temperature.　The　PL　results　show　that　all　the　nanomaterials　generate　the　ultraviolet,　blue,　green　and　red　PL　bands,　but　the　2D　vertical　carbon　and　oxygen　co-doped　boron　nitride　nanosheets　emit　more　and　stronger　PL　bands　than　the　1D　boron　and　nitrogen　co-doped　tubelike　carbon　nanorods.　The　significant　differences　in　the　PL　properties　can　be　attributed　to　different　carbon　structures　in　these　nanomaterials.　These　achievements　can　be　used　to　synthesize　and　control　the　structures　of　nanomaterials　and　contribute　to　the　development　of　the　next　generation　optoelectronic　nanodevices　based　on　1D　and　2D　nanomaterials.　(C)　2018　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.