Nb2O5　nanorods　decorated　diatomite　were　synthesized　via　a　hydrothermal　method　by　using　mobic　acid,　ammonium　oxalate　and　sodium　dodecyl　benzene　sulfonate　(SDBS).　The　as-prepared　samples　were　characterized　by　SEM,　TEM,　XRD,　BET,　and　FT-IR　techniques　The　Nb2O5　nanorod　was　obtained　with　length　of　500　similar　to　700　nm　and　diameter　of　25　similar　to　35　nm.　BET　test　showed　that　specific　surface　area　of　Nb2O5　nanorods　decorated　diatomite　reached　157　m(2)/g　which　show　a　high　adsorbance　tendence.　Under　visible　light　irradiation,　the　adsorption　capacity　for　Cr　(VI)　could　be　220　mg/g.　With　the　assistance　of　UV-light　photoreduction,　the　maximum　removal　capacity　for　Cr　(VI)　could　be　340　mg/g,　and　the　absorbed　Cr(VI)　was　transformed　to　Cr(III).　After　photodegradation　for　five　times,　the　degradation　rate　of　Cr(VI)　(100　mg/L)　were　still　at　about　93%.　Nb2O5　nanorods/diatormite　could　adsorb　Cr(VI)　from　sewage　effectively　and　in　the　meantime　accomplish　the　toxicity　degradation,　showing　a　promising　treatment　of　Cr(VI)　containing　waste　water.