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The existing photonic switch matrices usually show the drawbacks of either a large footprint or high cross talk. Here, we propose a compact InGaAsP/InP rearrangeable nonblocking 4 x 4 photonic switch fabric based on 2 x 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switch elements in a Benes architecture. Each switch element consists of two frustrated total internal reflection (TIR) couplers and TIR mirrors serving as 90 degrees waveguide bends, forming the square layout configuration of the 2 x 2 MZI switches. We investigate the design parameters of the switch element and 4 x 4 photonic switch matrix by using FDTD and transfer matrix methods, respectively. Our analysis results show that the proposed device exhibits an ultracompact chip size of similar to 340 mu m x 120 mu m, the minimum cross talk of -23 dB in the 1.5 similar to 1.6 mu m wavelength range, the total insertion loss of similar to 3.9 dB, the low electrical energy of similar to 0.4 pJ/bit, and an operation speed up to 50 GHz. Experimentally, we can demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating 2 x 2 MZI switches and an operational low-loss trench-coupler. The enabling component of the 2 x 2 MZI switch can scale its pattern in the 2D directions. This as-formed compact 4 x 4 switch fabric can be potentially applied in large-scale InP-based photonic integrated circuits. (C) 2018 Optical Society of America
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