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摘要:
The [Ca24Al28O64](4+): 4e(-) (C(12)A(7) : e(-)) electride composed of densely packed, subnanometer-sized cages. This unique structure makes it possess distinctive applications in fields of electronic emission, superconductor, electrochemical reaction. In this paper, we explore a new method to prepare the bulk of C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride. The following areare systematically studied in this work. 1) the condition of preparing bulk of C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride by solid reaction combining spark plasma sintering and reduction with Ti particles at high temperature, CaCO3 and A l(2)O(3) powders are used as raw materials; 2) the first principle calculations of band structure and density of states of the C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride; 3) the analysis of the electrical transport properties of the C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride. The bulk of C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride is successfully prepared by this method, so the results show that the bulk of C12A 7 : e electrode with the electron concentration 10(18) - 10(20) cm(3) is synthesized at 1100 degrees C and a vacuum pressure of 10(5) Pa for 10(-30) h. In the process of Ti reduction, Ti particles become evaporated and deposit on the surface of C(12)A(7), the free O-2 atom in the cages diffuse to the sample surface, the Ti vapor reacts with the O-2, forming a loose TiOx layer. In order to maintain electrical neutrality, the electrons of the free O-2 atom leave from the cages, forming the C(12)A(7) : e(-)electride. In addition, the loose TiOx layer also provides a channel for the diffusion of the O-2 atoms in the cage, ensuring the continuation of the reduction reaction. The calculated band structure and density of states of the bulk C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride show that when electrons replace the O-2 atoms in the cage, the Fermi level of C(12)A(7) : e(-) crosses over the cage conduction band (CCB). Thus the free movement of the electron is the main reason for the insulator C(12)A(7) to convert into conductor C(12)A(7) : e(-). At the same time the electrons near the Fermi level in the cages are easy to jump from the CCB to the frame conduction band (FCB). Combination of the above experimental results suggests that the electrons in cages are easier to escape to vacuum under the action of electric field or thermal field, which is the main reason for low work function of C(12)A(7) : e(-). This way provides an new approach to the realization of the insulator C(12)A(7) converting into C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride. And the C(12)A(7) : e(-) is a good electronic emission material due to low work function, low working temperature, and highly anti-poisoning ability, so this method of preparing bulk C(12)A(7) : e(-) electride provides a good new way to synthesize a new electronic emission material.
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