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Candidatus Accumulibacter has been identified as dominant polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) in enhanced biological phosphorus (P) removal (EBPR) sludges. This study investigated the clade-level community structures and population dynamics of Accumulibacter using polyphosphate kinase 1 gene (ppk1) genes in 12 sludge samples from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Results of Quantitative PCR indicate that six clades (IA, IIA, IIB, IIC, IID and IIF) of Accumulibacter were found in the 12 sludge samples. Abundances of Accumulibacter in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) and improved processes were the highest, up to 22.77% of total bacteria. Abundance of IIC and IID reached 108 cells·g-1 MLSS, accounting for 75.34% and 14.87% of total Accumulibacter, respectively. They were the dominant species of Accumulibacter. Clade IA abundance was the lowest, with an average 0.32% of total Accumulibacter. Clades IIA, IIC and IID were found in all sludge samples, indicating the clades diversity in the sludge samples. Quantitative PCR and phylogenetic analysis confirmed EBPR performance was closely related to the clade-level community structures of Accumulibacter. Poor EBPR performance was possibly related to a high proportion of IID to total Accumulibacter. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.
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