Super-capacitor　(SC)　activated-carbon　(AC)　carbon-nanotubes　(CNTs)　(SC-AC-CNTs)　is　a　kind　of　AC-based　composite　material　and　it　combines　the　advantages　of　carbon　nanotubes　and　activated　carbon,　including　a　series　of　peculiar　properties　such　as　low　charge　transmission　resistance,　super　large　specific　area　and　excellent　power　characteristic.　In　this　study,　SC-AC-CNTs　are　first　used　to　modify　the　carbon　cloth　(CC)　anodes　of　microbial　fuel　cells　(MFCs)　and　compared　with　that　of　SC-AC　and　CC.　The　measurements　show　that　the　specific　surface　area　is　increased　from　219.519　m(2)　g(-1)　to　283.643　m(2)　g(-1)　after　modification.　The　new　anode　is　assembled　in　a　urine-powered　MFC　(UMFC)　to　test　its　effectiveness.　It　is　found　that　the　amount　of　microorganisms　attached　on　the　new　anode　is　much　larger　than　that　on　the　blank　anode　in　UMFC.　The　maximum　power　densities　of　the　UMFC　assembled　with　SC-AC-CNTs　and　SC-AC　modified　anodes　are　899.52　mW　m(-2)　and　555.10　mW　m(-2),　which　are　2.9　and　1.8　times　of　that　of　the　blank　UMFC,　respectively.　The　tests　also　shows　that　the　UMFC　with　SC-AC-CNTs-modified　anode　creates　a　much　longer　duration　of　105　h　at　high-voltage　plateau　in　a　single　cycle　that　is　about　2-3　times　of　the　other　two　groups.　These　findings　demonstrate　that　these　two　double　layer　capacitor　materials　can　effectively　boost　overall　MFC　performance.　(C)　2017　Hydrogen　Energy　Publications　LLC.　Published　by　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.