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To improve the thermal conversion efficiency of the expander applied in the organic Rankine cycle for recovering low-grade waste heat from internal combustion engine, the performance of a free piston expander-linear generator was studied by experiments and simulations in the air test rig. A simulation model built by MATLAB/Simulink software was verified by experiments, and the influence of the initial displacement of the piston, the piston-mover mass and working frequency on the dynamic characteristics was studied. The results show that there is only one point (-0.045307 m) that enables the piston to do reciprocating motion near the displacement of 0 point when inlet pressure and working frequency are 0.188 MPa and 2.5 Hz, respectively. Stroke length, peak velocity, peak acceleration and indicated work of the piston decrease with the piston-mover mass increasing. To protect the system of free piston expander-linear generator from damage, the frequency can not be too low, otherwise the piston will hit the cylinder. © 2016, Beijing University of Technology. All right reserved.
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