The　effects　of　chromium　and　vanadium　additions　on　the　microstructure,　hardness　and　wear　resistance　of　high-vanadium　alloy　steel　(containing　5-10　wt-%　V　and　2-10　wt-%　Cr)　were　studied　by　means　of　optical　microscopy,　scanning　electron　microscope　(SEM),　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD),　energy　dispersive　spectrometer　(EDS),　Vickers　hardness　and　Rockwell-hardness　tester　&　M-200　ring　block　wear　tester.　Researching　results　showed　that　the　solidification　structure　of　high-vanadium　wear-resistant　alloy　steel　was　mainly　consisted　alpha-Fe　(martensite),　vanadium　carbide　(VC),　M3C　and　M7C3.　Vanadium　is　mainly　distributed　over　VC,　and　certain　amount　of　vanadium　exists　in　the　matrix　and　M7C3　type　eutectic　carbide.　Chromium　is　mainly　distributed　over　the　M7C3,　and　the　matrix　also　contains　a　small　quantity　of　chromium.　It　is　found　that　the　content　of　VC　increases　with　the　increase　of　vanadium　content　when　carbon　and　chromium　contents　are　constant.　The　change　of　micro-　and　macro-hardness　was　not　obvious　with　the　increase　of　vanadium　content.　The　content　of　M7C3　type　eutectic　carbides　increases　gradually　with　the　increase　of　chromium　content　when　carbon　and　vanadium　contents　are　constant.　The　micro-　and　macro-hardness　increases　with　the　increase　of　chromium　content.　The　increase　of　vanadium　content　brings　to　the　increase　of　wear　resistance　of　alloy　steel　when　carbon　and　chromium　contents　are　constant.　The　change　of　chromium　content　had　no　obvious　effect　on　wear　resistance　of　high-vanadium　alloy　steel　when　carbon　and　vanadium　contents.　The　increase　of　vanadium　content　brings　to　the　increase　of　wear　resistance　of　alloy　steel　when　carbon　and　chromium　contents　are　constant.　The　wear　resistance　of　as-cast　high-vanadium　alloy　steel　is　the　best　when　the　content　of　vanadium　and　chromium　is　10　wt-%　and　5　wt-%　respectively.