For　the　resource　extraction,　manufacture,　application,　and　disposal　of　materials,　numerous　resources　and　energy　are　consumed,　and　environment　deterioration　occurs　with　the　inputs　and　outputs　of　various　raw　materials,　energy,　by-products,　and　wastes.　Development　of　eco-materials　has　been　one　of　the　most　important　sustainable　developments　for　materials　industry.　Moreover,　with　the　purpose　of　developing　new　material　systems　with　lower　environmental　load,　it　is　necessary　to　quantify　the　environmental　impact　in　the　whole　life　cycle　of　materials　or　products.Life-cycle　assessment　(LCA)　is　a　technique　for　systematically　analyzing　a　target　from　cradle　to　grave.　It　is　an　effective　tool　that　not　only　gives　detailed　information　for　environmental　profiles　of　a　material　or　a　product,　but　more　importantly,　reinforces　the　value　of　life-cycle　thinking　and　its　ability　to　provide　the　decision-making　basis　for　sustainable　development.　This　makes　the　material　products,　industry,　and　even　the　whole　industry　chain　act　more　in　line　with　the　principles　of　sustainable　development.This　chapter　focuses　on　the　following　major　issues:　(1)　introduction　to　eco-materials,　(2)　life-cycle　thinking　and　LCA　methodology,　and　(3)　LCA　practice　for　materials　products　and　development　of　eco-materials.　©　2016　Elsevier　Inc.　All　rights　reserved.