Normal　aging　is　associated　with　both　structural　changes　in　many　brain　regions　and　functional　declines　in　several　cognitive　domains　with　advancing　age.　Advanced　neuroimaging　techniques　enable　explorative　analyses　of　structural　alterations　that　can　be　used　as　assessments　of　such　age-related　changes.　Here　we　used　voxel-based　morphometry　(VBM)　to　investigate　regional　and　global　brain　volume　differences　among　four　groups　of　healthy　adults　from　the　IXI　Dataset:　older　females　(OF,　mean　age　68.35　yrs;　n=69),　older　males　(OM,　68.43　yrs;　n=66),　young　females　(YF,　27.09　yrs;　n=71),　and　young　males　(YM,　27.91　yrs;　n=71),　using　3D　T1-weighted　MRI　data.　At　the　global　level,　we　investigated　the　influence　of　age　and　gender　on　brain　volumes　using　a　two-way　analysis　of　variance.　With　respect　to　gender,　we　used　the　Pearson　correlation　to　investigate　global　brain　volume　alterations　due　to　age　in　the　older　and　young　groups.　At　the　regional　level,　we　used　a　flexible　factorial　statistical　test　to　compare　the　means　of　gray　matter　(GM)　and　white　matter　(WM)　volume　alterations　among　the　four　groups.　We　observed　different　patterns　in　both　the　global　and　regional　GM　and　WM　alterations　in　the　young　and　older　groups　with　respect　to　gender.　At　the　global　level,　we　observed　significant　influences　of　age　and　gender　on　global　brain　volumes.　At　the　regional　level,　the　older　subjects　showed　a　widespread　reduction　in　GM　volume　in　regions　of　the　frontal,　insular,　and　cingulate　cortices　compared　to　the　young　subjects　in　both　genders.　Compared　to　the　young　subjects,　the　older　subjects　showed　a　widespread　WM　decline　prominently　in　the　thalamic　radiations,　in　addition　to　increased　WM　in　pericentral　and　occipital　areas.　Knowledge　of　these　observed　brain　volume　differences　and　changes　may　contribute　to　the　elucidation　of　mechanisms　underlying　aging　as　well　as　age-related　brain　atrophy　and　disease.