Growing　energy　crops　such　as　perennial　grasses　and　trees　on　marginal　land　offers　the　possibility　of　reducing　the　competition　with　food　crops　for　land　resources.　Identifying　the　productivity,　economic　feasibility　and　greenhouse　gas　(GHG)　emissions　impact　is　the　premise　of　our　study　on　using　marginal　land　for　bioenergy　production　in　Canada.　The　area　of　marginal　land　available　was　identified　by　intersecting　national　maps　of　land　suitability　and　land　cover.　The　costs　and　potential　returns　of　growing　energy　crops　on　marginal　land　were　then　analyzed,　and　the　GHG　emissions　were　evaluated　using　a　GHG　emissions　model.　The　results　indicated　that　approximately　9.48　million　ha　of　potentially　useable　marginal　land　was　available　in　Canada.　The　land　cover　of　the　available　marginal　land　consists　of　grassland　(68.2%)　and　shrubland　(31.8%).　If　the　available　marginal　land　was　completely　utilized,　the　biomass　production　would　be　23.7　million　tonnes　of　switchgrass　or　51.2　million　tonnes　of　hybrid　poplar.　The　production　of　biofuel　from　these　biomass　sources　would　be　5.69　and　11.26　billion　L,　equivalent　to　14.0%　and　27.7%　of　the　total　transportation　gasoline　consumption　in　Canada　in　2014,　for　switchgrass　and　poplar,　respectively.　On　the　marginal　land,　the　average　production　cost　was　estimated　to　be　approximately　68.2　CAD　$/t　(173.8　CAD　$/ha)　for　switchgrass,　and　26.2　CAD　$/t　(140.2　CAD　$/ha)　for　coppiced　hybrid　poplar.　The　production　of　biomass　showed　a　positive　net　return　on　marginal　land　in　Ontario　(eastern　Canada),　with　a　biomass　price　of　99　CAD　$/t　and　35　CAD　$/t　for　switchgrass　and　coppiced　hybrid　poplar,　respectively.　When　the　biomass　price　is　less　than　101　CAD　$/t,　growing　switchgrass　in　the　provinces　of　Alberta　and　Saskatchewan,　where　69%　of　Canada＇s　marginal　land　is　located,　was　not　considered　economically　attractive.　By　replacing　fossil　fuel,　the　maximum　potential　switchgrass　production　on　marginal　land　would　reduce　GHG　emissions　by　29.49　million　t　CO2-eq/yr.　However,　when　considering　the　economic　aspect　of　production,　the　potential　reduction　of　6.1　million　tonnes　CO2/yr　from　planting　poplar　is　more　viable.　Further　analysis　of　the　broader　economic　value　of　the　current　use　of　marginal　land　(primarily　livestock　grazing)　and　the　impacts　on　biodiversity,　soil　quality,　and　water　resources　is　needed　to　completely　assess　the　practicality　of　a　widespread　increase　in　biomass　production　for　bioenergy　on　Canada＇s　marginal　land.