Molybdenum　disulfide　(MoS2)　has　received　considerable　interest　for　electrochemical　energy　storage　and　conversion.　In　this　work,　we　demonstrate　a　material　on　synthesis　of　a　unique　hierarchical　hollow　structure　by　growing　layered　MoS2　nanosheets　on　assembled　graphene　nanotubes　via　a　template-sacrificed　approach　(named　as　graphene@MoS2　nanotubes).　As　a　proof　of　concept,　the　graphene@MoS2　nanotubes　as　the　anode　materials　of　lithium-ion　batteries　exhibit　excellent　cycling　performance　at　400　mA　g(-1)　up　to　120　cycles　without　considerable　capacity　loss　(830　mA　h　g(-1),　with　96.5%　capacity　retention)　and　high　rate　behavior　(502　mA　h　g(-1)　at　2000　mA　g(-1)),　which　is　far　beyond　than　that　of　the　pure　MoS2　nanosheets　and　even　graphene@MoS2　nanosheets　composites.　Furthermore,　combined　with　in-situ　TEM　lithiation　experiments,　we　find　a　novel　conversion　reaction　mechanism　of　MoS2　anodes　that　Li　ions　induce　structural　destruction　in　c-direction　following　a　dynamic　layer-by-layer　dissociation　with　Mo/Li2S　composites　left,　rather　than　well-known　multistep　reaction　in　bulk　phase.　The　first-principles　computations　verify　that　the　surfacial　relaxation　of　Li2S　to　form　an　anti-fluorite　structure　on　higher　electric　conductive　LixMoS(2)　surface　is　the　primarily　thermodynamic　driving　force　for　activating　the　above-mentioned　reaction.　These　results　are　envisaged　to　be　helpful　for　designing　durable　conversion-type　MoS2　anodes　by　surface　engineering,　and　the　hierarchical　tubular　feature　further　points　out　a　new　protocol　for　graphene　based　hybrid　anode　for　enhanced　lithium-ion　batteries.