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The dynamic behaviors at the interface of carbon dots and KOH electrolyte were studied using intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy (IMVS) in the photoelectrochemical hydrogen production from water splitting. The results show that the kinetic parameters like electron transport time (T-d), electron diffusion coefficient (D-n), electron lifetime (T-n), and electron diffusion length (L-n) remain unchanged in the light intensity range of 30-90 mW.cm(-2). When the light intensity increases to 110 and 130 mW.cm(-2), T-d and T-n increase, while D-n decreases. It is indicated that the photogenerated electrons are mainly transported in the trap-free limited diffusion mode at the electrode/electrolyte interface due to the presence of few defects in carbon dots, which is different from the mode of transport at the semiconductor TiO2/electrolyte interface. Moreover, the photocarrier collection efficiencies (eta(cc)) associated with the electron transport time and the electron lifetime are similar for light intensity of 30-130 mW.cm(-2).
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