The　microbiological　and　biochemical　characteristics　of　enhanced　biological　phosphorus　removal　(EBPR)　process　was　summarized.　With　respect　to　the　microbiology,　the　competition　and　relationship　among　the　main　microbes　in　the　system,　including　poly-phosphate　accumulating　organisms　(PAOs),　glycogen　accumulating　organisms　(GAOs)　and　denitrified　PAOs　(DPAOs)　were　concluded.　A　wide　variety　of　PAOs　were　separated　from　the　EBPR　system　and　the　Accumulibacter　was　considered　a　typical　PAO,　existing　in　all　kinds　of　EBPR　systems.　There　was　still　controversy　concerning　the　relationship　between　PAOs　and　GAOs　and　the　classification　of　DPAOs.　With　respect　to　the　biochemistry,　the　relevance　between　the　intracellular　polymers　and　the　metabolic　function　was　concluded.　The　reducing　power　in　the　anaerobic　phase　was　provided　both　by　the　TCA　circulation　and　the　glycolysis　process,　influenced　by　the　population　structure　and　experiment　condition.　The　degradation　of　glycogen　was　different　when　the　bacterial　strain　was　different　and　the　glycogen　was　the　regulator　of　the　redox　equilibrium　in　the　cell.　The　composition　of　poly-β-hydroxyalkanoates　(PH　As)　was　determined　by　the　organic　substrate,　and　when　propionic　acid　was　the　substrate,　four　monomers　of　PHAs　could　be　detected.　The　power　used　in　the　anaerobic　P-releasing　was　derived　from　the　decomposition　of　polyphosphate　and　glycogen,　while　the　amount　of　power　needed　was　influenced　by　experiment　condition.