Theoretical　studies　of　the　complex,　doped　BN/carbon　pillar　hybrid　networks　have　revealed　their　great　potential　for　energy　and　power　conversion,　nanoelectronics,　optoelectronics　and　electric　propulsion　devices.　Demonstration　of　the　technique　to　synthesize　such　networks　and　control　the　structure　is　critical　for　their　applications.　Here　we　report　on　the　successful　fabrication　of　complex,　hybrid　pillar　networks　consisting　of　carbon-and　oxygen-doped　BN　nanoflakes　and　nitrogenated　carbon　nanorods.　The　complex,　hybrid,　structure-controlled　pillar　networks　were　grown　directly　on　the　carbon　nanorods　in　N-2-H-2　plasma　using　B4C　as　the　boron　and　carbon　sources.　The　characterization　by　scanning　and　transmission　electron　microscopy,　micro-Raman,　Fourier　transform　infrared　and　X-ray　photoelectron　spectroscopies　has　confirmed　that　the　carbon-and　oxygen-doped　BN　crystalline　nanoflakes　indeed　grow　on　the　amorphous　nitrogenated　carbon　nanorods　and　form　the　pillarhybrid　networks.　The　photoluminescence　measurements　have　revealed　that　the　pillar　hybrid　networks　generate　ultraviolet,　blue,　green,　and　red　photoluminescence　bands.　In　particular,　the　photoluminescence　properties　of　the　pillar　hybrid　networks　can　be　effectively　tuned　by　changing　the　network　structure.　These　outcomes　can　contribute　to　the　synthesis　of　novel　nano-structures　and　the　development　of　next　generation　optoelectronic　nanodevices　and　power　devices.　(C)　2017　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.