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Leakage loss has great influence on the performance of rotary positive displacement type expander. Single screw expander has very complex internal leakage law for its sophisticated three-dimensional structure. In order to investigate the internal leakage law of the expander, a mathematical model is built based on the geometry structure, the influence of the size of inlet port and the diameters of the screw and the star wheel on the length of the leakage path is analyzed. Results shows that, during the intake process, the length of leakage path L9 reaches the maximum when intake orifice completely joined, the order of leakage path length relationship in the expansion process is L8>L7>L1+L2+L4>L9>L6>L3+L5. The length of leakage path at the screw head of the expander is related to the internal volume ratio and decreases with the increase of internal volume ratio during the intake process. Under the condition of fixed internal volume ratio, the length of the leakage path rises with the increased diameter of both when the diameters of screw and star wheel are equal, and the inlet port has a far greater impact on leakage path length which is longer in the case of different diameters, which provide basis data for the analysis and calculation of the leakage rate in the single screw expander and theoretical guidance for structure optimization of the expander. © 2015 Journal of Mechanical Engineering.
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