Three-dimensional　micro-/nanostructured　TiO2　(3D-TiO2)　fabricated　on　titanium　substrate　effectively　improves　its　performance　in　photocatalysis,　dye-sensitized　solar　cell　and　lithium-ion　battery　applications.　In　this　study,　the　hierarchical　3D-TiO2　with　anatase　phase　directly　grown　on　femtosecond　laser　structured　titanium　substrate　is　reported.　First,　the　primary　columnar　arrays　were　fabricated　on　the　surface　of　titanium　substrate　by　femtosecond　laser　structuring.　Next,　the　secondary　nano-sheet　substructures　were　grown　on　the　primary　columnar　arrays　by　NaOH　hydrothermal　treatment.　Followed　by　ion-exchange　process　in　HCl　and　annealing　in　the　air,　the　hierarchical　anatase　3D-TiO2　was　achieved.　The　hierarchical　anatase　3D-TiO2　exhibited　enhanced　performances　in　light　harvesting　and　absorption　ability　compared　to　that　of　nano-sheet　TiO2　grown　on　flat　titanium　surface　without　femtosecond　laser　structuring.　The　photocatalytic　degradation　of　methyl　orange　reveals　that　photocatalytic　efficiency　of　the　hierarchical　anatase　3D-TiO2　was　improved　by　a　maximum　of　57%　compared　to　that　of　nano-sheet　TiO2　(55%　vs　35%).　Meanwhile,　the　hierarchical　anatase　3D-TiO2　remained　mechanically　stable　and　constant　in　consecutive　degradation　cycles,　which　promises　significance　in　practical　application.　(C)　2017　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.