Micro-droplets,　with　the　properties　of　small　size,　large　surface　area,　high　speed,　high　throughout,　uniform　size,　closed　system,　internal　stability　and　etc.,　are　widely　used　in　the　fields　like　drug　controlled　release,　virus　detection,　synthetic　of　particulate　materials,　catalysts　and　so　on.　The　emergence　and　development　of　microfluidic　technology　provide　a　new　platform　for　the　generation　and　precise　manipulation　of　size-controlled　microdroplet　with　different　structures　and　functional　characteristics.　The　fundamental　principles,　generation　and　manipulation　of　droplet-based　microfluidic　technology　were　introduced　in　this　review.　Similarities　and　differences　of　droplets　＇　conventional　preparation　methods　and　droplet-based　microfluidic　technology　were　compared　and　analyzed.　Finally,　the　applications　of　droplet-based　microfluidic　for　the　synthesis　of　functional　materials,　bio-medicine　and　design　of　food　structure　were　reviewed.　In　addition,　the　potential　value　and　development　direction　of　drop-based　microfluidic　were　discussed　and　forecasted.