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摘要 ：
办公建筑LED照明空间的光环境提升需求研究
关键词 ：
办公建筑 办公建筑 光环境提升 光环境提升 生理等效照度 生理等效照度 LED LED 室内光环境 室内光环境
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| GB/T 7714 | 梁青璇 , 陈雅倩 , 罗涛 et al. 办公建筑LED照明空间的光环境提升需求研究 [J]. | 梁青璇 , 2021 , 37 (4) : 19-25,32 . |
| MLA | 梁青璇 et al. "办公建筑LED照明空间的光环境提升需求研究" . | 梁青璇 37 . 4 (2021) : 19-25,32 . |
| APA | 梁青璇 , 陈雅倩 , 罗涛 , 夏麟 , 叶谋杰 , 薛鹏 et al. 办公建筑LED照明空间的光环境提升需求研究 . | 梁青璇 , 2021 , 37 (4) , 19-25,32 . |
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摘要 ：
随着LED照明及其调光调色功能的普及,提高办公人员对室内不同光环境空间的主观体验已成为可能。本文对北京、上海现有办公建筑的办公室、会议室、走廊等光环境空间进行实测,结合对室内人员的主观调研,提出一种面向办公建筑LED照明环境质量提升的客观指标识别方法。在满足现有标准的样本中,以办公室为例,通过主客观数据分析发现,工作面照度和空间亮度更受办公人员关注,空间亮度系数、垂直照度和生理等效照度已成为现有标准外的重要评价指标,体现其等级提升的阈值应分别定为10 lx、150 lx和300 lx。办公建筑中不同光环境场景存在需求差异,均可通过此方法识别归因客观指标及其阈值。研究同时发现,针对主观感受,指标...
关键词 ：
LED LED 光环境提升 光环境提升 办公建筑 办公建筑 室内光环境 室内光环境 生理等效照度 生理等效照度
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| GB/T 7714 | 梁青璇 , 陈雅倩 , 罗涛 et al. 办公建筑LED照明空间的光环境提升需求研究 [J]. | 建筑科学 , 2021 , 37 (04) : 19-25,32 . |
| MLA | 梁青璇 et al. "办公建筑LED照明空间的光环境提升需求研究" . | 建筑科学 37 . 04 (2021) : 19-25,32 . |
| APA | 梁青璇 , 陈雅倩 , 罗涛 , 夏麟 , 叶谋杰 , 薛鹏 et al. 办公建筑LED照明空间的光环境提升需求研究 . | 建筑科学 , 2021 , 37 (04) , 19-25,32 . |
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摘要 ：
Following advancement in urbanization, outdoor thermal comfort is receiving increasing attention, with radiation being an influencing factor. To determine the shading preference, instead of a subjective questionnaire survey, an objective foot vote approach was proposed using remote sensing images. Subsequently, the meteorological data of cities were obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology. From the results, the foot vote was approximately consistent with the PMV, and pedestrians tended to move to the shaded area if it was hot and to the non-shaded area if it was cold. However, people do not move if the foot vote value ranges from 1 to 2, and the thermal acceptance range of PET is 19.2–29 °C in Beijing when using the definitions of foot vote. The outdoor thermal acceptance differs significantly with the types of outdoor sites and climates, and pedestrians in Beijing are significantly more sensitive than those in Wuhan if the outdoor thermal environment changes. Compared to transportation hubs and shopping malls, pedestrians in public buildings are less sensitive, whereas those in scenic spots are more sensitive. Results from this study will be beneficial to policymakers in urban designing to renovate and improve thermally comfortable urban environments at the pedestrian level. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
关键词 ：
Meteorology Meteorology Remote sensing Remote sensing Surveys Surveys Thermal comfort Thermal comfort
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| GB/T 7714 | Xue, Peng , Jia, Xiaoyu , Lai, Dayi et al. Investigation of outdoor pedestrian shading preference under several thermal environment using remote sensing images [J]. | Building and Environment , 2021 , 200 . |
| MLA | Xue, Peng et al. "Investigation of outdoor pedestrian shading preference under several thermal environment using remote sensing images" . | Building and Environment 200 (2021) . |
| APA | Xue, Peng , Jia, Xiaoyu , Lai, Dayi , Zhang, Xiaojing , Fan, Cheng , Zhang, Weirong et al. Investigation of outdoor pedestrian shading preference under several thermal environment using remote sensing images . | Building and Environment , 2021 , 200 . |
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摘要 ：
"三全育人"是高等教育落实立德树人根本任务、推进大学生思想政治教育工作发展、整合育人资源、形成育人合力的现实需要。十大育人体系紧密联系,构成了有序的工作系统,运用系统论思维,可以有效促进系统整体目标的达成,为实现思想政治教育体系与人才培养体系的贯通融合搭建平台,为培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人提供保障。
关键词 ：
“三全育人” “三全育人” 系统论思维 系统论思维 育人体系 育人体系
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| GB/T 7714 | 姚振瑀 , 高春娣 , 薛鹏 . 基于系统论思维的高校二级学院“三全育人”一体化体系构建 [J]. | 北京教育(德育) , 2021 , (06) : 38-42 . |
| MLA | 姚振瑀 et al. "基于系统论思维的高校二级学院“三全育人”一体化体系构建" . | 北京教育(德育) 06 (2021) : 38-42 . |
| APA | 姚振瑀 , 高春娣 , 薛鹏 . 基于系统论思维的高校二级学院“三全育人”一体化体系构建 . | 北京教育(德育) , 2021 , (06) , 38-42 . |
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摘要 ：
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory disease that has become a global pandemic. Close contact plays an important role in infection spread, while fomite may also be a possible transmission route. Research during the COVID-19 pandemic has identified long-range airborne transmission as one of the important transmission routes although lack solid evidence. Methods: We examined video data related to a restaurant associated COVID-19 outbreak in Guangzhou. We observed more than 40,000 surface touches and 13,00 0 episodes of close contacts in the restaurant during the entire lunch duration. These data allowed us to analyse infection risk via both the fomite and close contact routes. Results: There is no significant correlation between the infection risk via both fomite and close contact routes among those who were not family members of the index case. We can thus rule out virus transmission via fomite contact and interpersonal close contact routes in the Guangzhou restaurant outbreak. The absence of a fomite route agrees with the COVID-19 literature. Conclusions: These results provide indirect evidence for the long-range airborne route dominating SARSCoV-2 transmission in the restaurant. We note that the restaurant was poorly ventilated, allowing for increasing airborne SARS-CoV-2 concentration. (C) 2021 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词 ：
Airborne Airborne Close contact Close contact Covid-19 Covid-19 Fomite Fomite Human behavior Human behavior
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Nan , Chen, Xuguang , Jia, Wei et al. Y Evidence for lack of transmission by close contact and surface touch in a restaurant outbreak of COVID-19 [J]. | JOURNAL OF INFECTION , 2021 , 83 (2) : 207-216 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Nan et al. "Y Evidence for lack of transmission by close contact and surface touch in a restaurant outbreak of COVID-19" . | JOURNAL OF INFECTION 83 . 2 (2021) : 207-216 . |
| APA | Zhang, Nan , Chen, Xuguang , Jia, Wei , Jin, Tianyi , Xiao, Shenglan , Chen, Wenzhao et al. Y Evidence for lack of transmission by close contact and surface touch in a restaurant outbreak of COVID-19 . | JOURNAL OF INFECTION , 2021 , 83 (2) , 207-216 . |
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摘要 ：
Air handling units have been widely adopted in modern buildings for indoor air regulation and circulation tasks. The accurate and reliable fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of air handling units (AHU) are of great significance to maintain indoor environment while ensuring the energy efficiency in building operations. Data-driven FDD approaches have gained great popularity due to their excellence and flexibilities for practical applications. Given sufficient labeled data, existing studies have validated the value of various supervised learning algorithms for FDD tasks. However, it can be very challenging, expensive, time-consuming and labor-intensive to obtain data labels for faulty operations, making it impractical to fully realize the potential of advanced supervised learning algorithms. To tackle this problem, this study proposes a novel semi-supervised FDD method using neural networks. The method adopts the self-training strategy for semi-supervised learning and has been tested for two practical applications, i.e., fault diagnosis and unseen fault detection. A number of data experiments have been conducted to statistically characterize the influence of key learning parameters, including the labeled data availabilities, the maximum semi-supervised learning iterations, the threshold and learning rate for pseudo-label data utilization. The results indicate that the method can effectively enhance model generalization performance by utilizing large amounts of unlabeled data. The insights obtained are helpful for developing advanced data-driven tools for smart building system fault detection and diagnosis. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词 ：
Air handling units Air handling units Artificial neural networks Artificial neural networks Fault detection and diagnosis Fault detection and diagnosis Machine learning Machine learning Semi-supervised learning Semi-supervised learning
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| GB/T 7714 | Fan, Cheng , Liu, Xuyuan , Xue, Peng et al. Statistical characterization of semi-supervised neural networks for fault detection and diagnosis of air handling units [J]. | ENERGY AND BUILDINGS , 2021 , 234 . |
| MLA | Fan, Cheng et al. "Statistical characterization of semi-supervised neural networks for fault detection and diagnosis of air handling units" . | ENERGY AND BUILDINGS 234 (2021) . |
| APA | Fan, Cheng , Liu, Xuyuan , Xue, Peng , Wang, Jiayuan . Statistical characterization of semi-supervised neural networks for fault detection and diagnosis of air handling units . | ENERGY AND BUILDINGS , 2021 , 234 . |
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摘要 ：
Daylight refers to a free and valuable resource exhibiting photometric and radiometric features, and the physical parameters commonly used to represent its features are irradiance and illuminance. They are both obtained by the spectral power distribution (SPD) of global irradiance, demonstrating that values noticeably affect indoor thermal and luminous environments. Nevertheless, outdoor particulate matter (PM) significantly affects SPD conditions, and two relative spectral notions, i.e., percentage of spectral irradiance (PSIr) and percentage of spectral illuminance (PSIl), were proposed to study the effects of PM10 concentrations in radiometry and photometry with a field measurement, Beijing. As a result, the strong impact of PM10 on PSIr/ PSIl can be noticed in the range (380 to 540 nm) (P-value 10 and PSIr/ PSIl based on regression analysis. With this wavelength, PSIr varies from 0.29 to 0.25%, and PSIl ranges from 0.48 to 0.42% with the increase of PM10 concentrations from 0.01 to 0.098 mg/m3. With the verification of the model, several bands were further analyzed to comprehensively verify the monotonic correlations, and the band ranging 480 ~ 520 nm were reasonably proved that PSIr/PSIl and PM10 can be well indicated by each other. As influenced by the complexity of spectral transmittance through the glazing, the mutual characterization between solar spectrum and particulate matters can contribute to the building energy-efficient design and develop indoor thermal and luminous environment research in the future. © 2020 International Solar Energy Society
关键词 ：
Energy efficiency Energy efficiency Iridium compounds Iridium compounds Lighting Lighting Photometry Photometry Radiometry Radiometry Regression analysis Regression analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Ye, Sheng , Xue, Peng , Fang, Wanying et al. Quantitative effects of PM concentrations on spectral distribution of global normal irradiance [J]. | Solar Energy , 2021 , 220 : 1099-1108 . |
| MLA | Ye, Sheng et al. "Quantitative effects of PM concentrations on spectral distribution of global normal irradiance" . | Solar Energy 220 (2021) : 1099-1108 . |
| APA | Ye, Sheng , Xue, Peng , Fang, Wanying , Dai, Qi , Peng, Jinqing , Sun, Yuying et al. Quantitative effects of PM concentrations on spectral distribution of global normal irradiance . | Solar Energy , 2021 , 220 , 1099-1108 . |
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摘要 ：
Infectious disease hospitals must maintain pressure differences among rooms to direct the airflow toward the negative pressure isolation ward (NPIW) to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens. However, their values cannot be maintained easily in dynamic situations, especially when the door to the isolation room is open. There is a lack of guidelines for how to cope with this situation. A variable air volume (VAV) damper is set in the exhaust duct of the NPIW attempts to achieve active control by VAV but is often set to deliver constant air volume (CAV) because of a lack of confidence in its controllability. In this study, models based on a real infectious disease hospital are built and verified by the multizone model on Modelica. An appropriate active pressure difference control strategy for VAVs in NPIW is explored and it is applied in a floor of hospital model to analyze the influence of pressure differences among multiple rooms by VAV operation. The results show that the pressure difference deviations can be reduced by 9.98%-25.73% for different leakage paths of the isolation room with this control strategy. The pressure differences among hospital are stable during the VAV operation in the usual dynamic scenario. The airtightness of the door at zones junctions and external windows needs to be reduced to strengthen their anti-interference ability of pressure difference. This study fills the gap of guidelines and provides a reference for the application of VAVs for active pressure difference control in infectious disease hospitals.
关键词 ：
Infectious disease hospital Infectious disease hospital Modelica Modelica Multizone model Multizone model Pressure difference control Pressure difference control Simulation Simulation Variable air volume Variable air volume
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Jiamin , Liu, Junjie , Tu, Daixin et al. Multizone modeling of pressure difference control analyses for an infectious disease hospital [J]. | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT , 2021 , 206 . |
| MLA | Guo, Jiamin et al. "Multizone modeling of pressure difference control analyses for an infectious disease hospital" . | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 206 (2021) . |
| APA | Guo, Jiamin , Liu, Junjie , Tu, Daixin , Zhang, Jinxian , Xu, Jing , Xue, Peng . Multizone modeling of pressure difference control analyses for an infectious disease hospital . | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT , 2021 , 206 . |
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摘要 ：
Personal protective behaviors and their dynamic change are known to play a major role in the community spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this study, a total of 3229 students in Chinese universities completed an online survey about their knowledge on transmission and personal protective behavior before and after COVID19 vaccination. Of the respondents, 87.6% had been vaccinated. Most students believed that the large droplet (97.0%) and short-range airborne (89.3%) routes were the two most likely SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes, whereas only 24.1% considered long-range airborne transmission to be possible. Students who would be expected to possess better knowledge about virus transmission (e.g., students of medicine) reported better personal protective behaviors. Female students reported relatively better personal hygiene practices than male students, so did the confident students than their diffident peers. Students washed their hands on average of 5.76 times per day during the pandemic. Students at universities in southern regions washed their hands more frequently but paid less attention to indoor ventilation than did their northern counterparts. Interestingly, students who are fear of being infected had the bad personal hygiene. University students wore 22% less masks in public indoor environments after vaccination. Chinese university students weakened their personal protective behavior after vaccination and it may increase the potential risk of infection in the new waves of variant virus (e.g. delta).
关键词 ：
COVID-19 COVID-19 Mask Mask Personal hygiene Personal hygiene Personal protective behavior Personal protective behavior University student University student Vaccination Vaccination
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Nan , Liu, Xiyue , Jin, Tianyi et al. Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination [J]. | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT , 2021 , 206 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Nan et al. "Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination" . | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 206 (2021) . |
| APA | Zhang, Nan , Liu, Xiyue , Jin, Tianyi , Zhao, Pengcheng , Miao, Doudou , Lei, Hao et al. Weakening personal protective behavior by Chinese university students after COVID-19 vaccination . | BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT , 2021 , 206 . |
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摘要 ：
By the end of February 2021, COVID-19 had spread to over 230 countries, with more than 100 million confirmed cases and 2.5 million deaths. To control infection spread with the least disruption to economic and societal activities, it is crucial to implement the various interventions effectively. In this study, we developed an agentbased SEIR model, using real demographic and geographic data from Hong Kong, to analyse the efficiency of various intervention strategies in preventing infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Close contact route including short-range airborne is considered as the main transmission routes for COVID-19 spread. Contact tracing is not that useful if all other interventions have been fully deployed. The number of infected individuals could be halved if people reduced their close contact rate by 25%. For reducing transmission, students should be prioritized for vaccination rather than retired older people and preschool aged children. Home isolation, and taking the nucleic acid test (NAT) as soon as possible after symptom onset, are much more effective interventions than wearing masks in public places. Temperature screening in public places only disrupted the infection spread by a small amount when other interventions have been fully implemented. Our results may be useful for other highly populated cities, when choosing their intervention strategies to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 and similar diseases.
关键词 ：
Close contact Close contact COVID-19 COVID-19 Mask Mask SEIR model SEIR model Temperature screening Temperature screening Vaccine Vaccine
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Nan , Chan, Pak-To Jack , Jia, Wei et al. Analysis of efficacy of intervention strategies for COVID-19 transmission: A case study of Hong Kong [J]. | ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL , 2021 , 156 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Nan et al. "Analysis of efficacy of intervention strategies for COVID-19 transmission: A case study of Hong Kong" . | ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 156 (2021) . |
| APA | Zhang, Nan , Chan, Pak-To Jack , Jia, Wei , Dung, Chung-Hin , Zhao, Pengcheng , Lei, Hao et al. Analysis of efficacy of intervention strategies for COVID-19 transmission: A case study of Hong Kong . | ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL , 2021 , 156 . |
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