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学者姓名：李健
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摘要 ：
In this paper, we explore how a monopoly manufacturer chooses the market strategies and decides the optimal price to obtain maximum profit. We divide the market into the C-type market and the N-type market, and analyze the profitability of the monopoly manufacturer who takes the pure-selling, pure-leasing and hybrid strategy respectively, considering consumers' capital constraint and the life span of the durable goods in an indefinite time horizon model. (1) We find that a larger proportion of the consumers with capital constraint has a more significant impact on the prices and it could slow down the development of the rental market. When the scale of the group attains up to a threshold level, it would greatly influence the customers' demand and their marketing strategy, and encourages more manufacturers to take the leasing strategy. (2) In the Hybrid Strategy, we see explicit growth in the overall profit with both the leasing channel and the selling channel working together, although the former outperforms the latter. The suppressed selling channel, in fact, has to lower the price to keep the market coverage, with an independent market structure. (3) Finally, we find that a leasing agent may help the manufacturer at first and then become a tough competitor. These findings provide new insights for the operation of large construction machinery manufacturing companies. subject classification numbers as needed.
关键词 ：
Capital constraint Capital constraint Durable goods Durable goods Leasing channel Leasing channel Selling channel Selling channel
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Jian , Wang, Huan , Deng, Zhiwen et al. Leasing or selling? The channel choice of durable goods manufacturer considering consumers' capital constraint [J]. | FLEXIBLE SERVICES AND MANUFACTURING JOURNAL , 2021 . |
| MLA | Li, Jian et al. "Leasing or selling? The channel choice of durable goods manufacturer considering consumers' capital constraint" . | FLEXIBLE SERVICES AND MANUFACTURING JOURNAL (2021) . |
| APA | Li, Jian , Wang, Huan , Deng, Zhiwen , Zhang, Wen , Zhang, Guoqing . Leasing or selling? The channel choice of durable goods manufacturer considering consumers' capital constraint . | FLEXIBLE SERVICES AND MANUFACTURING JOURNAL , 2021 . |
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摘要 ：
Facing with increasing competition, many ports are taking innovative approaches to improve productivity and profits. Among a variety of methods, introducing external terminal operators (ETOs) while the port acts as a landlord to collect "rents" from those operators for conducting terminal activities inside the port is regarded as an effective way and is commonly observed in practices. This paper analyzes the decisions of two competing ports about whether to introduce their respective ETOs using a three-stage non-cooperative game model when there already exists a port's self-operation terminal operator (STO). At the first stage, the two ports simultaneously decide whether to introduce an ETO. If a port decided to introduce an ETO, at the second stage, it will further decide the unit fee to charge from the ETO. At the third stage, the two ports and the introduced ETO(s) simultaneously decide their respective profit-maximizing output levels. The findings indicate the equilibrium is both ports will introduce their respective ETOs, but when the ports and ETOs are substitutable in the sense of having the same level of productivity, the equilibrium solution is only one port should introduce an ETO. And simulation results show that even if one of ETOs is inefficient this still hold true.
关键词 ：
External terminal operator External terminal operator intra-port competition intra-port competition landlord port mode landlord port mode port authority port authority self-operation terminal operator self-operation terminal operator
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Libin , Li, Jian , Liu, Qing et al. Introducing an External Terminal Operator or Not? The Decision of Ports in a Duopoly Market [J]. | JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE & COMPLEXITY , 2020 , 33 (1) : 146-166 . |
| MLA | Guo, Libin et al. "Introducing an External Terminal Operator or Not? The Decision of Ports in a Duopoly Market" . | JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE & COMPLEXITY 33 . 1 (2020) : 146-166 . |
| APA | Guo, Libin , Li, Jian , Liu, Qing , Xing, Wei . Introducing an External Terminal Operator or Not? The Decision of Ports in a Duopoly Market . | JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE & COMPLEXITY , 2020 , 33 (1) , 146-166 . |
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摘要 ：
Any potential damage may be severe once an accident occurs involving hazardous materials. It is therefore important to consider the risk factor concerning hazardous material supply chains, in order to make the best inventory routing decisions. This paper addresses the problem of hazardous material multi-period inventory routing with the assumption of a limited production capacity of a given manufacturer. The goal is to achieve the manufacturer's production plan, the retailer's supply schedule and the transportation routes within a fixed period. As the distribution of hazardous materials over a certain period is essentially a multiple travelling salesmen problem, the authors formulate a loading-dependent risk model for multiple-vehicle transportation and present an integer programming model to maximize the supply chain profit. An improved genetic algorithm considering two dimensions of chromosomes that cover the aforementioned period and supply quantity is devised to handle the integer programming model. Numerical experiments carried out demonstrate that using the proposed multi-period joint decision-making can significantly increase the overall profit of the supply chain as compared to the use of single period decision repeatedly, while effectively reducing its risk.
关键词 ：
Genetic algorithm Genetic algorithm integer programming model integer programming model limited production capacity limited production capacity multi-period inventory routing problem multi-period inventory routing problem
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Hu, Hao , Li, Jian , Li, Xiang et al. Modeling and Solving a Multi-Period Inventory Fulfilling and Routing Problem for Hazardous Materials [J]. | JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE & COMPLEXITY , 2020 , 33 (3) : 760-782 . |
| MLA | Hu, Hao et al. "Modeling and Solving a Multi-Period Inventory Fulfilling and Routing Problem for Hazardous Materials" . | JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE & COMPLEXITY 33 . 3 (2020) : 760-782 . |
| APA | Hu, Hao , Li, Jian , Li, Xiang , Shang, Changjing . Modeling and Solving a Multi-Period Inventory Fulfilling and Routing Problem for Hazardous Materials . | JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE & COMPLEXITY , 2020 , 33 (3) , 760-782 . |
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摘要 ：
Guarantees by suppliers improve the credit level of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), make it easier for SMEs to solve financing problems, and also increase the sales of their own products. In this study, several credit guarantee contracts were added to the inventory pledge financing model. We then established a Stackelberg game model of inventory pledged financing that is part of the credit guarantee contract. The optimal decision-making for each subject under this model was obtained. The effect of varying the initial pledge volume of retailers and the guarantee factor of the supplier on the pledge ratio were studied for different bank interest rates. In addition, different guarantee ratios were studied. Our results show that when only considering the relationship between one factor and the pledge ratio, the bank pledge ratio increases with the increase of the proportion of suppliers' guarantee, and the bank pledge ratio decreases as the initial pledge volume of retailers increases. Finally, we conducted several case studies to confirm our findings. Our research makes a valuable contribution to improving bank and supply chain party decision-making. © 2019, Editorial Board of Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition). All right reserved.
关键词 ：
Inventory pledge; Loan-to-value ratio; Partial credit guarantee contract; Supply chain finance Inventory pledge; Loan-to-value ratio; Partial credit guarantee contract; Supply chain finance
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Yuan, W. , Han, H. , Wu, J. et al. Stock pledge financing decisions subject to partial credit guarantees by suppliers [供应商部分信用担保下的存货质押融资决策] [J]. | Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition) , 2019 , 46 (1) : 117-123 . |
| MLA | Yuan, W. et al. "Stock pledge financing decisions subject to partial credit guarantees by suppliers [供应商部分信用担保下的存货质押融资决策]" . | Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition) 46 . 1 (2019) : 117-123 . |
| APA | Yuan, W. , Han, H. , Wu, J. , Li, J. . Stock pledge financing decisions subject to partial credit guarantees by suppliers [供应商部分信用担保下的存货质押融资决策] . | Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition) , 2019 , 46 (1) , 117-123 . |
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摘要 ：
In an attempt to understand the impact of traffic congestion on the cost and risk of hazardous waste transportation, a route traffic congestion index is introduced in this paper, and a double-objective optimization model of hazardous waste recovery based on the traffic congestion index in a time-dependent road system is established. The formula for calculation of heuristic factors in a traditional ant colony algorithm is also improved, and the improved ant colony algorithm is used to solve the model. Finally, a case study was carried out on hazardous waste recycling in an environmental protection company. The results show that different departure times and vehicle usage patterns have a significant impact on the Pareto optimal solution and the shortest route does not necessarily involve the lowest energy consumption. The models and algorithms proposed in this paper can assist in the development of more efficient scheduling schemes. ©2019, Editorial Board of Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition). All right reserved.
关键词 ：
Ant colony algorithm; Hazardous waste; Pareto optimal curve; Time-dependent speed; Traffic congestion index Ant colony algorithm; Hazardous waste; Pareto optimal curve; Time-dependent speed; Traffic congestion index
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Yuan, W. , Wang, Q. , Wu, J. et al. A hazardous waste recycling model based on a route traffic congestion index [基于路径交通拥堵指数的危险废物回收模型研究] [J]. | Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition) , 2019 , 46 (6) : 85-94 . |
| MLA | Yuan, W. et al. "A hazardous waste recycling model based on a route traffic congestion index [基于路径交通拥堵指数的危险废物回收模型研究]" . | Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition) 46 . 6 (2019) : 85-94 . |
| APA | Yuan, W. , Wang, Q. , Wu, J. , Li, J. . A hazardous waste recycling model based on a route traffic congestion index [基于路径交通拥堵指数的危险废物回收模型研究] . | Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology (Natural Science Edition) , 2019 , 46 (6) , 85-94 . |
| 导入链接 | NoteExpress RIS BibTex |
摘要 ：
In this paper, we analyze the profitability of a monopoly manufacturer that takes pure-selling, pure-leasing and hybrid strategy by considering the capital constraint of the consumers and the life span of the product in an indefinite time horizon model. We find that the increase of the consumers with capital constraint has a more significant impact on the prices when the proportion of that group is small. It will curb the development of the rental market; when the group reaches a certain scale, then it plays a leading role in the demand, which encourages more manufacturers to take leasing strategy. In the hybrid strategy, we see an explicit increase in the overall profit. We find the leasing channel dominates the markets with the help of C-type market. The suppressed selling channel has to lower the price to keep the market coverage, which is independent with the market structure. These findings provide new insights for the operation of large construction machinery manufacturing companies. (C) 2019, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词 ：
capital constraint capital constraint durable goods durable goods leasing leasing selling selling
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Jian , Deng, Zhiwen , Zhang, Wen et al. Optimal Leasing and Selling Strategies of Durable Goods Manufacturer Considering Consumers' Capital Constraint [C] . 2019 : 319-324 . |
| MLA | Li, Jian et al. "Optimal Leasing and Selling Strategies of Durable Goods Manufacturer Considering Consumers' Capital Constraint" . (2019) : 319-324 . |
| APA | Li, Jian , Deng, Zhiwen , Zhang, Wen , Zhang, Guoqing . Optimal Leasing and Selling Strategies of Durable Goods Manufacturer Considering Consumers' Capital Constraint . (2019) : 319-324 . |
| 导入链接 | NoteExpress RIS BibTex |
摘要 ：
It is studied that the competition and vertical cooperation between one ocean carrier and two freight forwarders. In addition, two freight forwarders have different market positions. We observe that the ocean carrier or freight forwarders canvass for cargos, which influences the equilibrium profits and channel structures in Stackelberg game. We show the integration and sharing between the ocean carrier and freight forwarders. Comparing parties' profits with profit sharing or integration depended on network externality and product differentiation, we find that the Nash equilibrium is the ocean carrier canvasses for cargos and the integration or sharing. Copyright © 2019 by Science Press.
关键词 ：
Integration Integration Oceanography Oceanography Profitability Profitability Systems engineering Systems engineering Wages Wages
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Guo, Li-Bin , Li, Jian , Zhang, Wen . Co-opetition Between Ocean Carrier and Freight Forwarders with Network Externality [J]. | Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology , 2019 , 19 (3) : 11-18 and 26 . |
| MLA | Guo, Li-Bin et al. "Co-opetition Between Ocean Carrier and Freight Forwarders with Network Externality" . | Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology 19 . 3 (2019) : 11-18 and 26 . |
| APA | Guo, Li-Bin , Li, Jian , Zhang, Wen . Co-opetition Between Ocean Carrier and Freight Forwarders with Network Externality . | Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology , 2019 , 19 (3) , 11-18 and 26 . |
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摘要 ：
Inventory management of deteriorating drugs has attracted considerable attention recently in hospitals. Drugs are a kind of special product. Two characteristics of some drugs are the shorter shelf life and high service level. This causes hospitals a great deal of difficulty in inventory management of perishable drugs. On one hand, hospitals should increase the drug inventory to achieve a higher service level. On the other hand, hospitals should decrease the drug inventory because of the short shelf life of drugs. An effective management of pharmaceuticals is required to ensure 100% product availability at the right time, at the right cost, in good conditions to the right customers. This requires a trade-off between shelf-life and service level. In addition, many uncontrollable factors can lead to random lead time of drugs. This paper focuses on deteriorating drugs with stochastic lead time. We have established a stochastic lead time inventory model for deteriorating drugs with fixed demand. The lead time obeyed a certain distribution function and shortages were allowed. This model also considered constraints on service level, stock space and drug shelf life. Through the analysis of the model, the shelf life of drugs and service level were weighted in different lead time distributions. Empirical analysis and sensitivity analysis were given to get reach important conclusions and enlightenment.
关键词 ：
deteriorating drugs deteriorating drugs inventory model inventory model stochastic lead time stochastic lead time supply chain education supply chain education
引用：
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Jian , Liu, Lu , Hu, Hao et al. An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Drugs with Stochastic Lead Time [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2018 , 15 (12) . |
| MLA | Li, Jian et al. "An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Drugs with Stochastic Lead Time" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 15 . 12 (2018) . |
| APA | Li, Jian , Liu, Lu , Hu, Hao , Zhao, Qiuhong , Guo, Libin . An Inventory Model for Deteriorating Drugs with Stochastic Lead Time . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH , 2018 , 15 (12) . |
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