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摘要 ：
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) in activated sludge suspensions are the key substances leading to the membrane fouling. In order to understand the effect of EPSs on the membrane fouling, the actual EPSs solution extracted from activated sludge suspensions was used as the feed solution to conduct dead-end microfiltration experiment under different pressures by using different membranes. The flux (J), fouling resistances (Rm, Rp, Rc and Rtotal) and the available membrane area (A/A0) were used to describe the membrane fouling. The results showed that with the increase of pressure, J and Rtotal increased. Rp firstly increased and then kept constant, Rc always increased and became the dominant resistance. A/A0 decreased from 1 to a constant. Rc plays a key role on Rtotal for different membranes under the same pressure. The sequence of the steady available membrane area (Asteady/A0) for different pressures was: 63.0% (0.05MPa)> 56.5% (0.08MPa)> 53.6% (0.10MPa), and that for different membranes was: 80.1% (0.2μm PES) > 79.9% (0.1μm PES) > 78.4% (0.1μm PAN) > 53.6% (0.1μm PVDF). © Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence.
关键词 ：
Membranes Membranes Polymers Polymers Microfiltration Microfiltration Energy resources Energy resources Membrane fouling Membrane fouling
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| GB/T 7714 | Li, Qiang , Hu, Ge , Song, Peng et al. Membrane fouling of actual extracellular polymeric substances [C] . 2021 . |
| MLA | Li, Qiang et al. "Membrane fouling of actual extracellular polymeric substances" . (2021) . |
| APA | Li, Qiang , Hu, Ge , Song, Peng , Khaliunaa, Natsagdorj , Khurram, Rooha , Zhang, Hu et al. Membrane fouling of actual extracellular polymeric substances . (2021) . |
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摘要 ：
全息术最初被设定为一种相干成像技术,通过物光和参考光干涉形成全息图,对全息图进行重建可以实现三维成像和物信息的获取。全息图记录过程要求物体上任意两点的光场具有空间互相干性,这一特性限制了全息术在非相干光领域的应用。空间非相干光的普遍存在和易获取等优点,使得非相干全息术的提出和发展具有重要意义。非相干全息术源于20世纪60年代Mertz和Young提出的菲涅耳波带片编码成像理论,是指在空间非相干光照明情形下利用某种编码孔径对图像进行变换,实现全息图记录和再现的技术。Lohmann把这一技术进一步发展为基于分波技巧的干涉成像技术(源于同一物点的物光和参考光相干涉),实现了非相干物体的波前再现,从而...
关键词 ：
互相关重建 互相关重建 三维成像 三维成像 数字全息 数字全息 非相干全息 非相干全息 成像系统 成像系统
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| GB/T 7714 | 万玉红 , 刘超 , 满天龙 et al. 非相干相关数字全息术:原理、发展及应用 [J]. | 激光与光电子学进展 , 2021 , 58 (18) : 126-149 . |
| MLA | 万玉红 et al. "非相干相关数字全息术:原理、发展及应用" . | 激光与光电子学进展 58 . 18 (2021) : 126-149 . |
| APA | 万玉红 , 刘超 , 满天龙 , 菅孟静 , 马腾 , 张沁 et al. 非相干相关数字全息术:原理、发展及应用 . | 激光与光电子学进展 , 2021 , 58 (18) , 126-149 . |
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摘要 ：
证券系统是金融系统的重要组成部分,探究我国上市公司行业关联动态演化与证券市场风险之间的相互关系有重要的理论与实践价值.本文使用互信息系数建立了我国上市公司行业关联网络,采用CAViaR模型对我国证券市场风险进行测度,结合DCCA系数法、非线性Granger因果检验分析网络相关性、分布结构与市场风险间的交互关系,并通过比较两个风险聚集区域的网络特征,深入分析市场风险变化给行业带来的关联与结构变动.研究结果表明:当证券市场风险增大时会促使上市公司行业系统的关联性更强,各个行业表现出较为相似的市场走势,此时系统结构虽更趋近于紧密的“中心—外围”式结构,但上市公司行业系统的自主调节功能会削弱甚至化解市场风险对行业关联形态的影响;行业关联结构的外部形态特征存在周期性的震荡;当行业间的关联性增强时,会在一定程度上加速风险的蔓延和传染.根据上述结论,本文提出了相应的政策建议.
关键词 ：
复杂网络 复杂网络 互信息系数 互信息系数 相关性 相关性 市场风险 市场风险 网络结构 网络结构
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| GB/T 7714 | 刘超 , 钱存 , 罗春燕 . 基于复杂网络的行业动态演化与证券市场风险相关性研究——来自2007-2019年28个行业数据的证据 [J]. | 管理评论 , 2021 , 33 (3) : 29-40 . |
| MLA | 刘超 et al. "基于复杂网络的行业动态演化与证券市场风险相关性研究——来自2007-2019年28个行业数据的证据" . | 管理评论 33 . 3 (2021) : 29-40 . |
| APA | 刘超 , 钱存 , 罗春燕 . 基于复杂网络的行业动态演化与证券市场风险相关性研究——来自2007-2019年28个行业数据的证据 . | 管理评论 , 2021 , 33 (3) , 29-40 . |
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摘要 ：
以原位还原碳化技术制备的WC-8Co复合粉和VC粉末为原料,采用低压烧结技术制备出超细晶硬质合金。系统研究了VC添加量和复合粉中碳含量对硬质合金的相组成、显微组织、室温和高温力学性能的影响。结果表明:硬质合金的晶粒尺寸、硬度和断裂韧性主要受VC添加量的影响,且随VC添加量的增加呈单调变化;抗弯强度随VC添加量的变化趋势与碳含量有关;压缩强度随温度的变化呈现先降低后升高的趋势;当WC-Co复合粉的碳含量为5.60%～5.68%(质量分数)、VC添加量不超过0.5%时,可分别制备出室温抗弯强度为4482MPa和600℃下抗压缩强度为4914MPa的高综合性能的超细晶硬质合金。基于微观组织特征的分析...
关键词 ：
VC添加 VC添加 高温压缩性能 高温压缩性能 超细晶硬质合金 超细晶硬质合金 碳含量 碳含量 力学性能 力学性能
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| GB/T 7714 | 李雨衡 , 刘雪梅 , 刘超 et al. VC和碳含量对超细晶硬质合金室温和高温性能的影响 [J]. | 稀有金属材料与工程 , 2021 , 50 (06) : 2169-2176 . |
| MLA | 李雨衡 et al. "VC和碳含量对超细晶硬质合金室温和高温性能的影响" . | 稀有金属材料与工程 50 . 06 (2021) : 2169-2176 . |
| APA | 李雨衡 , 刘雪梅 , 刘超 , 吕皓 , 宋晓艳 . VC和碳含量对超细晶硬质合金室温和高温性能的影响 . | 稀有金属材料与工程 , 2021 , 50 (06) , 2169-2176 . |
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摘要 ：
首先探究了以Nb2O5、Co和炭黑的原位反应制备纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的最佳工艺,然后以此复合粉作为添加剂,研究了其对低压烧结制备WC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响.热力学计算和原位反应实验结果表明,原料粉末中未添加Co时存在明显的Nb2O5→NbO2→NbC两段反应过程,而添加Co不仅显著降低了反应发生温度,还使Nb2O5的还原、碳化两步反应几乎同时进行.通过优化原料粉末的配碳量、反应温度,制备的NbC-Co复合粉物相纯净,具有较低的氧含量,平均粒径为82nm.添加纳米NbC-Co使制备的WC-Co硬质合金的晶粒尺寸由0.7 μm降低至0.48 μm,组织更为均匀,室温和高温硬度均明显提高.即使温度达到800℃,制备的WC-12Co-1NbC硬质合金的硬度仍维持在890HV3?.
关键词 ：
原位合成 原位合成 硬质合金 硬质合金 纳米NbC-Co复合粉 纳米NbC-Co复合粉 高温硬度 高温硬度
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| GB/T 7714 | 王海滨 , 占王彬 , 刘雪梅 et al. 纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及其在烧结硬质合金中的应用 [J]. | 粉末冶金工业 , 2021 , 31 (1) : 9-16 . |
| MLA | 王海滨 et al. "纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及其在烧结硬质合金中的应用" . | 粉末冶金工业 31 . 1 (2021) : 9-16 . |
| APA | 王海滨 , 占王彬 , 刘雪梅 , 刘超 , 侯超 , 宋晓艳 . 纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及其在烧结硬质合金中的应用 . | 粉末冶金工业 , 2021 , 31 (1) , 9-16 . |
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摘要 ：
纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及其在烧结硬质合金中的应用
关键词 ：
原位合成 原位合成 硬质合金 硬质合金 纳米NbC-Co复合粉 纳米NbC-Co复合粉 高温硬度 高温硬度
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| GB/T 7714 | 王海滨 , 占王彬 , 刘雪梅 et al. 纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及其在烧结硬质合金中的应用 [J]. | 王海滨 , 2021 , 31 (1) : 9-16 . |
| MLA | 王海滨 et al. "纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及其在烧结硬质合金中的应用" . | 王海滨 31 . 1 (2021) : 9-16 . |
| APA | 王海滨 , 占王彬 , 刘雪梅 , 刘超 , 侯超 , 宋晓艳 et al. 纳米NbC-Co复合粉末的原位合成及其在烧结硬质合金中的应用 . | 王海滨 , 2021 , 31 (1) , 9-16 . |
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摘要 ：
The interactions between oxidation and external friction usually cause accelerated failure of materials by repeated destruction of protective oxide layers. In this work, we discovered that in a unique boride coating fabricated by thermal spraying pre-treated WB-Co powder on steel, the friction-induced microstructural defects at elevated temperatures can be self-repaired by plastic flow and redistribution of nanocrystalline WO3, CoWO4 and molten B2O3. Besides, strong mechanical support from the underlying coating was favorable for slowing down the oxide growth. Based on understanding of the oxidation-resistance mechanisms of this oxide-boride system, a new strategy for developing highly anti-oxidative ceramic-based materials is proposed. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词 ：
Boride coatings Boride coatings Borides Borides Cobalt alloys Cobalt alloys Friction Friction Nanocrystalline materials Nanocrystalline materials Nanocrystals Nanocrystals Oxidation resistance Oxidation resistance Thermal spraying Thermal spraying Tungsten compounds Tungsten compounds
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| GB/T 7714 | Sun, Shibo , Wang, Haibin , Liu, Xuemei et al. Outstanding anti-oxidation performance of boride coating under high-temperature friction [J]. | Corrosion Science , 2021 , 179 . |
| MLA | Sun, Shibo et al. "Outstanding anti-oxidation performance of boride coating under high-temperature friction" . | Corrosion Science 179 (2021) . |
| APA | Sun, Shibo , Wang, Haibin , Liu, Xuemei , Liu, Chao , Lu, Hao , Nie, Zuoren et al. Outstanding anti-oxidation performance of boride coating under high-temperature friction . | Corrosion Science , 2021 , 179 . |
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摘要 ：
The road environment prediction is an essential task for intelligent vehicle. In this study, we provide a flexible system that focuses on freespace detection and road environment prediction to host vehicle. The hardware of this system includes two parts: a binocular camera and a low-power mobile platform, which is flexible and portable for a variety of intelligent vehicle. We put forward a multiscale stereo matching algorithm to reduce the computing cost of the hardware unit. Based on disparity space and points cloud, we propose a weighted probability grid map to detect freespace region and a state model to describe the road environment. The experiments show that the proposed system is accurate and robust, which indicates that this technique is fully competent for road environment prediction for intelligent vehicle. © 2021 Chao Ma et al.
关键词 ：
Forecasting Forecasting Intelligent vehicle highway systems Intelligent vehicle highway systems Roads and streets Roads and streets Road vehicles Road vehicles
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| GB/T 7714 | Ma, Chao , Sun, Zhao , Pei, Shanshan et al. A Road Environment Prediction System for Intelligent Vehicle [J]. | Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing , 2021 , 2021 . |
| MLA | Ma, Chao et al. "A Road Environment Prediction System for Intelligent Vehicle" . | Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (2021) . |
| APA | Ma, Chao , Sun, Zhao , Pei, Shanshan , Liu, Chao , Cui, Feng . A Road Environment Prediction System for Intelligent Vehicle . | Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing , 2021 , 2021 . |
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摘要 ：
Yttria partially stabilized zirconia was introduced into WC-Co cemented carbides to enhance their mechanical performance. The hardness and fracture toughness were improved simultaneously with the addition of ZrO2. Particularly, the fracture toughness of the cemented carbides was significantly enhanced. The mechanism was mainly attributed to the stress-induced phase transformation of tetragonal ZrO2 to monoclinic ZrO2. This phase transformation introduced a compressive stress field and deflected the micro-cracks. In addition, the ZrO2 particles dispersed homogeneously in the WC skeleton and had good interfacial bonding with both WC and Co phases, which was beneficial to the mechanical properties of the cemented carbides. This study provides a new promising approach to break the trade-off between the hardness and fracture toughness of cemented carbides to achieve excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. The new strategy will be also promising to be applied in a variety of cermets or ceramic-based composites. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
关键词 ：
Cemented carbide Cemented carbide Stress-induced phase transformation Stress-induced phase transformation Toughening Toughening Zirconia Zirconia
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| GB/T 7714 | Jiang, Wentao , Lu, Hao , Chen, Jinghong et al. Toughening cemented carbides by phase transformation of zirconia [J]. | MATERIALS & DESIGN , 2021 , 202 . |
| MLA | Jiang, Wentao et al. "Toughening cemented carbides by phase transformation of zirconia" . | MATERIALS & DESIGN 202 (2021) . |
| APA | Jiang, Wentao , Lu, Hao , Chen, Jinghong , Liu, Xuemei , Liu, Chao , Song, Xiaoyan . Toughening cemented carbides by phase transformation of zirconia . | MATERIALS & DESIGN , 2021 , 202 . |
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摘要 ：
In this study, activated nano TaC was introduced into WC-Co cemented carbides to enhance their comprehensive performance properties. Changes of mechanical properties, elements distributions, phase constitutions and microstructures of the cemented carbides were examined as a function of TaC amount. It was found that due to the addition of activated nano TaC, nanoscale Co-rich particles and cubic-Ta4C3 precipitates were induced and dispersed within WC grains, which had good coherent interfacial relationship with the hard matrix. The combined strengthening effects of the nano precipitates and solid solution in WC resulted in excellent comprehensive mechanical properties of the cemented carbides. Particularly, the rupture strength has achieved the highest among those of the counterparts reported in the literature so far. This study opens a new perspective to use activated nano compound particles to modulate hard phases of cermet materials for high comprehensive performance. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
关键词 ：
Carbides Carbides Carbide tools Carbide tools Cobalt compounds Cobalt compounds Mechanical properties Mechanical properties
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhao, Chong , Lu, Hao , Liu, Xuemei et al. Strengthening cemented carbides by activated nano TaC [J]. | International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials , 2021 , 95 . |
| MLA | Zhao, Chong et al. "Strengthening cemented carbides by activated nano TaC" . | International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 95 (2021) . |
| APA | Zhao, Chong , Lu, Hao , Liu, Xuemei , Liu, Chao , Nie, Zuoren , Song, Xiaoyan . Strengthening cemented carbides by activated nano TaC . | International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials , 2021 , 95 . |
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