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摘要 ：
党的十八大以来,我国采取了一系列环境政策改革举措,探索出了一条有别于发达国家的绿色发展道路,形成了生态文明制度建设引领环境保护的整体思路.本文构建了政府与企业有限理性动态博弈模型,模拟了党的十八大后环境税收、环保垂改和加强公众监督、环保激励三类政策的改革对企业绿色发展行为的影响效果.结果表明,三类政策均可大幅提高环境保护约束能力,且政策联合应用取得了激励相容的效果,协同促进了企业绿色发展行为.为了更好地服务美丽中国建设,本文建议我国后续环境政策改革应增大污染处罚力度引导全程减量减害,健全长效防控机制提升环境监管能力,拓展环保激励手段激发绿色发展动能,加强环保顶层设计发挥政策协同作用.
关键词 ：
企业行为 企业行为 优化机制 优化机制 博弈论 博弈论 政府监管 政府监管 有限理性 有限理性 环境政策 环境政策
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| GB/T 7714 | 顾一帆 , 李历铨 , 吴玉锋 et al. 我国环境政策改革对企业行为的优化机制研究 [J]. | 环境保护 , 2020 , 48 (6) : 64-69 . |
| MLA | 顾一帆 et al. "我国环境政策改革对企业行为的优化机制研究" . | 环境保护 48 . 6 (2020) : 64-69 . |
| APA | 顾一帆 , 李历铨 , 吴玉锋 , 左铁镛 . 我国环境政策改革对企业行为的优化机制研究 . | 环境保护 , 2020 , 48 (6) , 64-69 . |
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摘要 ：
China has recently adopted ecological civilization (eco-civilization) as a new national strategy for sustainable development. Understanding how the new strategy differs from previous national sustainability strategies is critical to evaluate how China's eco-civilization can contribute to global sustainability. Here we reviewed government administrative system changes under the eco-civilization strategy in China. Policy suggestions are provided to further reform the government administrative system for better implementation of eco-civilization.
关键词 ：
China China Ecological civilization Ecological civilization Government administrative Government administrative Reform Reform Sustainable development Sustainable development
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| GB/T 7714 | Gu, Yifan , Wu, Yufeng , Liu, Jianguo et al. Ecological civilization and government administrative system reform in China [J]. | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2020 , 155 . |
| MLA | Gu, Yifan et al. "Ecological civilization and government administrative system reform in China" . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 155 (2020) . |
| APA | Gu, Yifan , Wu, Yufeng , Liu, Jianguo , Xu, Ming , Zuo, Tieyong . Ecological civilization and government administrative system reform in China . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2020 , 155 . |
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摘要 ：
This study aims to model the temporal and spatial characteristics of end-of-life (EOL) power batteries from electric vehicles (EVs) in China. A Stanford estimation model is used, assuming that the lifetime of power batteries obeys a Weibull distribution. We collected the sales data for two types of power batteries used in four types of EVs from 2009 to 2018 in mainland China and predicted the sales data from 2019 to 2030 according to the Chinese government's plan. The results present a complete picture of EOL batteries in China: (1) the generation of retired power batteries in China is predicted from 2020 to 2036, including 112 k tonnes in 2020 and 708 k tonnes in 2030; (2) the potential economic value of retired batteries for echelon and recovery utilization is analyzed; and (3) the generation of retired power batteries in 20 provinces was estimated and compared with their collection station numbers. Considering the weight of different batteries and the service life increase caused by technology upgrades, our predictions for the quantity of retired batteries are lower and more accurate than others' predictions. Large-scale battery retirement will come later than previously anticipated. We should plan the number of recycling sites in main provinces based on the accurate retired amount
关键词 ：
China China End-of-life power Battery End-of-life power Battery EVs EVs Material flow analysis Material flow analysis
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Yufeng , Yang, Liuyang , Tian, Xi et al. Temporal and spatial analysis for end-of-life power batteries from electric vehicles in China [J]. | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2020 , 155 . |
| MLA | Wu, Yufeng et al. "Temporal and spatial analysis for end-of-life power batteries from electric vehicles in China" . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 155 (2020) . |
| APA | Wu, Yufeng , Yang, Liuyang , Tian, Xi , Li, Yanmei , Zuo, Tieyong . Temporal and spatial analysis for end-of-life power batteries from electric vehicles in China . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2020 , 155 . |
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摘要 ：
Resource multiple-life-cycle (MLC) recycling process is a complex system with closed-loop and open-loop recycling interwoven with each other, which has recieved vast attention in recent years. Resource MLC recycling has a cascading effect, one recycling process will have an impact on the next cycle, and ultimately affect the overall environmental performance of the social system. Policies will affect the flow of resource MLC recycling. How to maximize the emission reduction effect of resource MLC recycling through policy design is still under exploration. Employing MLC recycling of China's waste PET bottles as an example, this paper constructs an environmental performance accounting method based on MLCA, and simulates the overall impact of various policies such as implementing deposit system, promoting recycled materials, strenghtening environmental regulation and enhancing regeneration technology on the recycling system of PET bottles. The combined policy scenario is constructed by selecting advantageous strategies that can effectively give full play to the strengths of each policy scenario. From 2020 to 2040, the environmental performance loss value of the combined policy scenario will be 52.52% of the baseline scenario without policy support, and the cumulative emission reductions of wastewater, waste gas and solid waste will be 0.98, 3.61 and 341.39 million tonnes respectively, which can help China to achieve emission reduction targets set out in each five-year plan. In order to realize the combined policy scenario, it is suggested that the life cycle assessment (LCA) should be replaced by multiple life cycle assessment (MLCA), the effect of resource saving and environmental emission reduction in the recycling process should be accounted as accurately as possible, a top-level management organization of natural resources across multiple departments should be established as soon as possible, with the goal of maximizing the comprehensive environmental and economic benefits of MLC processes.
关键词 ：
Circular economy Circular economy Environmental performance Environmental performance Multiple life cycle assessment (MLCA) Multiple life cycle assessment (MLCA) Multiple-life-cycle (MLC) Multiple-life-cycle (MLC) Policy simulation Policy simulation Polyethylene terephalate (PET) bottle Polyethylene terephalate (PET) bottle
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| GB/T 7714 | Gu, Yifan , Zhou, Guangli , Wu, Yufeng et al. Environmental performance analysis on resource multiple life-cycle recycling system: Evidence from waste pet bottles in China [J]. | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2020 , 158 . |
| MLA | Gu, Yifan et al. "Environmental performance analysis on resource multiple life-cycle recycling system: Evidence from waste pet bottles in China" . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 158 (2020) . |
| APA | Gu, Yifan , Zhou, Guangli , Wu, Yufeng , Xu, Ming , Chang, Tao , Gong, Yu et al. Environmental performance analysis on resource multiple life-cycle recycling system: Evidence from waste pet bottles in China . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2020 , 158 . |
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摘要 ：
Given the increasing concern regarding the global decline in rare earth reserves and the environmental burden from current wet-process recycling techniques, it is urgent to develop an efficient recycling technique for leftover sludge from the manufacturing process of neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) sintered magnets. In the present study, centerless grinding sludge from the Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet machining process was selected as the starting material. The sludge was subjected to a reduction-diffusion (RD) process in order to synthesize recycled neodymium magnet (Nd2Fe14B) powder; during this process, most of the valuable elements, including neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), and cobalt (Co), were recovered simultaneously. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) powder with a lower melting point was introduced into the RD process to reduce recycling cost and improve recycling efficiency. The mechanism of the reactions was investigated systematically by adjusting the reaction temperature and calcium/sludge weight ratio. It was found that single-phase Nd2Fe14B particles with good crystallinity were obtained when the calcium weight ratio (calcium/sludge) and reaction temperature were 40 wt% and 1050 degrees C, respectively. The recovered Nd2Fe14B particles were blended with 37.7 wt% Nd2Fe14B powder to fabricate Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with a remanence of 12.1 kG (1 G = 1 x 10(-4) T), and a coercivity of 14.6 kOe (1 Oe = 79.6 A.m(-1)), resulting in an energy product of 34.5 MGOe. This recycling route promises a great advantage in recycling efficiency as well as in cost. (C) 2020 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company.
关键词 ：
Calcium reduction-diffusion Calcium reduction-diffusion Nd-Fe-B grinding sludge Nd-Fe-B grinding sludge Rare-earth-rich alloy doping Rare-earth-rich alloy doping Recycled sintered magnets Recycled sintered magnets
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| GB/T 7714 | Yin, Xiaowen , Yue, Ming , Lu, Qingmei et al. An Efficient Process for Recycling Nd-Fe-B Sludge as High-Performance Sintered Magnets [J]. | ENGINEERING , 2020 , 6 (2) : 165-172 . |
| MLA | Yin, Xiaowen et al. "An Efficient Process for Recycling Nd-Fe-B Sludge as High-Performance Sintered Magnets" . | ENGINEERING 6 . 2 (2020) : 165-172 . |
| APA | Yin, Xiaowen , Yue, Ming , Lu, Qingmei , Liu, Min , Wang, Feng , Qiu, Yubing et al. An Efficient Process for Recycling Nd-Fe-B Sludge as High-Performance Sintered Magnets . | ENGINEERING , 2020 , 6 (2) , 165-172 . |
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摘要 ：
An efficient process for recycling Eu from BaMgAl11O19: Eu2+ (BAM) waste phosphors has been developed. The treatment of BAM by the sodium peroxide (Na2O2) calcining process followed by acid leaching was investigated. The results demonstrated that the calcination temperature and time more significantly influence the recovery efficiencies of metals than does the mass ratio of Na2O2 to BAM. More than 99% of Eu was recovered under the optimal conditions of 425 degrees C, mass ratio 1:1 and 30 min duration. The decomposition kinetics of BAM were studied using a series of typical solid-solid reaction kinetic models. The apparent activation energies E-a for the decomposition reactions of Eu, Ba, Al and Mg were calculated as 52.3 kJ/mol, 64.6 kJ/mol, 87.1 kJ/mol and 88.9 kJ/mol, respectively. XRD analysis indicated that the decomposition of BAM involved a multistep reaction. The reaction mechanism was also analyzed at the crystal structure level, which indicated that Ba and Eu atoms in the mirror plane of the unit cell of BAM were replaced by Na from Na2O2 at the beginning, and that BaO2 and Na2MgAl10O17 were produced. Then, Na2MgAl10O17 was decomposed to NaAl7O11 and MgAl2O4, and finally, NaAlO2, MgO, BaCO3 and Eu2O3 were generated at a higher temperature (600 degrees C). SEM and EDS analysis also demonstrated the proposed substitution and decomposition reactions. This work is expected to open new avenues and provides a theoretical basis for the highly efficient recovery of Eu from waste rare earth phosphors.
关键词 ：
Europium Europium Kinetics Kinetics Mechanism Mechanism Recovery Recovery Sodium peroxide Sodium peroxide Waste rare earth phosphors Waste rare earth phosphors
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| GB/T 7714 | Yin, Xiaofei , Wu, Yufeng , Wang, Lei et al. Recovery of Eu from waste blue phosphors (BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+) by a sodium peroxide system: Kinetics and mechanism aspects [J]. | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2020 , 151 . |
| MLA | Yin, Xiaofei et al. "Recovery of Eu from waste blue phosphors (BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+) by a sodium peroxide system: Kinetics and mechanism aspects" . | MINERALS ENGINEERING 151 (2020) . |
| APA | Yin, Xiaofei , Wu, Yufeng , Wang, Lei , Zuo, Tieyong . Recovery of Eu from waste blue phosphors (BaMgAl10O17: Eu2+) by a sodium peroxide system: Kinetics and mechanism aspects . | MINERALS ENGINEERING , 2020 , 151 . |
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摘要 ：
综述了废线路板回收的机械处理技术、热处理技术、化学处理技术、其他技术的发展现状,进一步剖析了回收过程存在的二次污染大、技术良莠不齐、环境风险不明确、缺乏技术标准等问题,针对性提出了加快技术研发、开展环境影响分析、加强监管、制定标准等建议,以期促进我国废线路板回收行业的规范有序发展。
关键词 ：
回收技术 回收技术 废线路板 废线路板 环境影响 环境影响 现状 现状
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| GB/T 7714 | 陈静静 , 李彬 , 戴煜 et al. 废线路板回收技术的现状分析 [J]. | 现代化工 , 2019 , 39 (05) : 42-46,48 . |
| MLA | 陈静静 et al. "废线路板回收技术的现状分析" . | 现代化工 39 . 05 (2019) : 42-46,48 . |
| APA | 陈静静 , 李彬 , 戴煜 , 潘德安 , 吴玉锋 , 左铁镛 . 废线路板回收技术的现状分析 . | 现代化工 , 2019 , 39 (05) , 42-46,48 . |
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摘要 ：
China is the largest producer and consumer of refined copper in the world. The large amount of copper consumption not only creates added pressure surrounding resource availability but also causes prominent environmental problems. Although copper can be recycled to alleviate resource pressure, there are significant differences between mining primary copper and recycling scrap copper in view of resources, energy consumption, and pollution emissions. These factors were analyzed to better understand the total environmental effects of refined copper from extracting primary ore and recycling scrap copper. The results of this analysis showed that the most serious environmental impacts of refined copper were human toxicity, abiotic depletion potential, and global warming potential. The environmental impacts were mainly caused by the mining and smelting of primary copper by pyrometallurgy. For secondary copper, refining and electrolysis were the main factors. Thus, these main processes, which cause major environmental impacts, should be promoted technologically. According to the results, the total environmental impact of secondary copper was only 1/8 that of the primary copper production process, which indicates that regeneration has better environmental benefits. Furthermore, the sensitive analysis showed that electricity was the most sensitive factor of both technologies. By optimizing the energy structure and increasing the proportion of regeneration, can also reduce the environmental impact. It was suggested that energy structure should be improved and secondary copper should be given more attention and be developed vigorously. Finally, ways to reduce the environmental impact of primary copper and secondary copper industries were recommended.
关键词 ：
Environmental impact Environmental impact Life cycle assessment Life cycle assessment Primary copper Primary copper Refined copper Refined copper Secondary copper Secondary copper
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| GB/T 7714 | Chen Jingling , Wang Zhaohui , Wu Yufeng et al. Environmental benefits of secondary copper from primary copper based on life cycle assessment in China [J]. | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2019 , 146 : 35-44 . |
| MLA | Chen Jingling et al. "Environmental benefits of secondary copper from primary copper based on life cycle assessment in China" . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING 146 (2019) : 35-44 . |
| APA | Chen Jingling , Wang Zhaohui , Wu Yufeng , Li Liquan , Li Bin , Pan De'an et al. Environmental benefits of secondary copper from primary copper based on life cycle assessment in China . | RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING , 2019 , 146 , 35-44 . |
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摘要 ：
In this study, sodium hydroxide was used as an alkali reagent in roasting spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts for titanium extraction. The thermodynamic analysis of the roasting process is discussed in terms of process design. The effects of various roasting parameters, such as the mass ratio of NaOH-to-SCR, temperature, and time, on the extraction efficiency of titanium were investigated; under the optimum parameters of 1.8:1, 550 degrees C, and 10minutes, the titanium extraction yield reached 97.8pct. The roasting kinetics of titanium extraction were also studied. The kinetics of titanium extraction follow the Avrami model, which is expressed as follows: -lnt, and the overall roasting process is controlled by diffusion in the solid state, with an activation energy (E-a) of 4.12kJ/mol.
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Qijun , Wu, Yufeng , Zuo, Tieyong . Titanium Extraction from Spent Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts in a NaOH Molten-Salt System: Thermodynamic, Experimental, and Kinetic Studies [J]. | METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE , 2019 , 50 (1) : 471-479 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Qijun et al. "Titanium Extraction from Spent Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts in a NaOH Molten-Salt System: Thermodynamic, Experimental, and Kinetic Studies" . | METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE 50 . 1 (2019) : 471-479 . |
| APA | Zhang, Qijun , Wu, Yufeng , Zuo, Tieyong . Titanium Extraction from Spent Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts in a NaOH Molten-Salt System: Thermodynamic, Experimental, and Kinetic Studies . | METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE , 2019 , 50 (1) , 471-479 . |
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摘要 ：
Rare-earth tricolored phosphorescent powders (RETPPs) waste is a prime target for recovery of the scarcest, highest-market-value, and most important rare-earth elements, such as yttrium and europium. Thus, in this study, we assessed a two-step method for the selective recovery of Y and Eu from the RETPPs waste. The method involves an acid-leaching step using an "HCl + H2O2" system to yield a Y-Eu solution, followed by photo-reduction with (NH4)(2)SO4 to precipitate Eu as EuSO4. We optimized the conditions of each step. Acid leaching was best performed with 1 mol/L HCl in the presence of 2 mL H2O2 (per 500 mL) at 50 degrees C for 4 h, resulting in high Y (99.9%) and Eu (61.2%) yields with relatively low impurities. Photo reduction was best performed with (NR4)(2)SO4 concentration of 50 mM, pH similar to 4, and irradiation with a 254-nm ultraviolet lamp irradiation for 42 h, resulting in a 98.5% yield of high-purity (96.7%) EuSO4. These findings can help improve secondary resource recovery technologies for rare-earth elements. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
关键词 ：
Acid leaching Acid leaching Europium Europium Photo-reduction Photo-reduction powders waste powders waste Rare-earth tricolored phosphorescent Rare-earth tricolored phosphorescent Yttrium Yttrium
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| GB/T 7714 | Wu, Yufeng , Zhang, Qijun , Zuo, Tieyong . Selective recovery of Y and Eu from rare-earth tricolored phosphorescent powders waste via a combined acid-leaching and photo-reduction process [J]. | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2019 , 226 : 858-865 . |
| MLA | Wu, Yufeng et al. "Selective recovery of Y and Eu from rare-earth tricolored phosphorescent powders waste via a combined acid-leaching and photo-reduction process" . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 226 (2019) : 858-865 . |
| APA | Wu, Yufeng , Zhang, Qijun , Zuo, Tieyong . Selective recovery of Y and Eu from rare-earth tricolored phosphorescent powders waste via a combined acid-leaching and photo-reduction process . | JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION , 2019 , 226 , 858-865 . |
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