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学者姓名：纪常伟
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Abstract ：
There are few investigations on the knock characteristics of direct -injection (DI) hydrogen engines, so to reveal the influencing mechanism of synergistic effects of the deep Miller cycle and oxygen-enriched atmosphere on the DI hydrogen engine ' s knock characteristics, an experimental study was carried out at 1600 rpm and wide-open throttle conditions. Overall, the Miller effect provides good suppression of combustion knock even at high oxygen concentration ( phi O 2 ), while the oxygen-enriched atmosphere can mitigate the negative effects of the deep Miller cycle on the combustion process. The results demonstrated that the Miller cycle mitigates the excitation effect of elevated phi O 2 and reduced lambda on combustion knock. For example, even if phi O 2 was raised to 27.1 %, the knock intensity (KI) is only close to 1.0 bar at 1.6 lambda . It was found that the deep Miller cycle achieved by regulating the intake valve timing to the engine could further suppress the combustion knock, which may be related to the reduced effective compression ratio and volumetric efficiency. Specifically, under the deep Miller effect, KI did not exceed 0.8 bar even when phi O 2 was elevated to 32.0 %, indicating that knock was effectively suppressed, although about 190 cycles corresponding to knock durations exceeding 10 degrees CA.
Keyword ：
Deep Miller cycle Deep Miller cycle Knock Knock Hydrogen engine Hydrogen engine Oxygen-enriched atmosphere Oxygen-enriched atmosphere
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| GB/T 7714 | Hong, Chen , Xin, Gu , Xu, Song et al. An experimental study of knock in a DI hydrogen engine: The synergistic effects of the deep Miller cycle and oxygen-enriched atmosphere [J]. | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 306 . |
| MLA | Hong, Chen et al. "An experimental study of knock in a DI hydrogen engine: The synergistic effects of the deep Miller cycle and oxygen-enriched atmosphere" . | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 306 (2024) . |
| APA | Hong, Chen , Xin, Gu , Xu, Song , Cai, Jichun , Su, Fangxu , Wang, Shuofeng et al. An experimental study of knock in a DI hydrogen engine: The synergistic effects of the deep Miller cycle and oxygen-enriched atmosphere . | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 306 . |
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Abstract ：
Adopting ammonia (NH3) is considered a viable way to reduce carbon emissions. The combustion of NH3/air can be enhanced through the fuel dissociation strategy and the use of turbulent jet ignition (TJI). This study investigated the combustion of partially dissociated NH3 ignited by active TJI. It can be found that the hydrogen (H2) pre-chamber effectively enhances the combustion of partially dissociated NH3, and the appropriate rich prechamber equivalence ratio is beneficial for the main chamber ignition. The lean main chamber mixtures realize the flame ignition mechanism and show a lower ignition delay. The increase in dissociation ratio enhances the tolerance of ignition to turbulence and leads to flame ignition mechanism. The increase in dissociation ratio also enhances the inhibiting effect of additional nitrogen (N2) on combustion, but the ignition mechanism and flame shape are not sensitive to the additional N2.
Keyword ：
Fuel dissociation Fuel dissociation Ignition characteristics Ignition characteristics Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Ammonia Ammonia Hydrogen Hydrogen
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Combustion characteristics of NH3/H2/N2/air adopting the H2-assisted turbulent jet ignition [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 78 : 83-91 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Combustion characteristics of NH3/H2/N2/air adopting the H2-assisted turbulent jet ignition" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 78 (2024) : 83-91 . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Shuofeng , Ji, Changwei . Combustion characteristics of NH3/H2/N2/air adopting the H2-assisted turbulent jet ignition . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 78 , 83-91 . |
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Abstract ：
Ammonia (NH3) is a potential alternative fuel for internal combustion engines, but the disadvantages of low combustion intensity and high nitrogen oxides should be addressed to achieve its application. For NH3 mixture, fuel -rich combustion is a potential method to reduce NOx emissions, and the utilization of turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can enhance its ignition and combustion. Therefore, a strategy of using TJI with assisted oxygen (O2) injection in the pre -chamber to ignite rich NH3/air mixtures was proposed in this study. Considering the lack of relevant research, a fundamental investigation was conducted in this work. The results indicate that the provided method can effectively promote the combustion of NH3/air. The pre -chamber equivalence ratio has no significant effect on the jet strength, but more excess injected O2 enhances the ignition performance of the unburned mixture in the main chamber. The increase of the main chamber equivalence ratio and the decrease of the orifice diameter will result in a higher jet velocity. The ignition of NH3/air is the result of turbulence competing with the reactivity of the mixture. Therefore, high jet velocity leads to poor ignition performance due to the low reactivity of NH3, but appropriate turbulence intensity can promote rapid combustion.
Keyword ：
Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Ammonia Ammonia Combustion characteristic Combustion characteristic Fuel -rich combustion Fuel -rich combustion Oxygen Oxygen
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Du et al. Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of ammonia/air using turbulent jet ignition with auxiliary oxygen in pre-chamber [J]. | APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 243 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of ammonia/air using turbulent jet ignition with auxiliary oxygen in pre-chamber" . | APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING 243 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Du , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Shuofeng , Yang, Haowen et al. Experimental investigation on combustion characteristics of ammonia/air using turbulent jet ignition with auxiliary oxygen in pre-chamber . | APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING , 2024 , 243 . |
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Abstract ：
Amid growing environmental concerns, hydrogen (H2) is emerging as a prospective alternative fuel for driving internal combustion engines. Employing lean combustion technology in tandem with turbulent jet ignition (TJI) has the potential to enhance combustion rates while mitigating NOx emissions. Therefore, an experiment was developed to investigate the combustion characteristics of ultra-lean premixed H2/air by TJI. An active prechamber (PC) with an additional H2 supply was selected. Moreover, the effect of nozzle structures and equivalence ratio was discussed. The results show that with a nozzle diameter of 3 mm and an elevation of phi PC to 1.4, the lean flammability limit is extended to an equivalence ratio of 0.13, with a consistently stabilized ignition delay within 4 ms. Increasing the nozzle number also extends the lean flammability limit, but it incurs higher energy losses. Additionally, two ignition mechanisms exist in TJI: flame ignition and combined ignition. The transition from flame ignition to combined ignition commonly occurs when the equivalence ratio of the main chamber drops below 0.3. This transition typically results in higher peak pressures and burnt fuel ratio, lower combustion duration, and longer ignition delay.
Keyword ：
Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Active pre-chamber Active pre-chamber Ignition characteristic Ignition characteristic Hydrogen Hydrogen Ignition mechanism Ignition mechanism
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| GB/T 7714 | Zhang, Tianyue , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Zhe et al. Experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of ultra-lean premixed hydrogen/air using turbulent jet ignition [J]. | ENERGY , 2024 , 293 . |
| MLA | Zhang, Tianyue et al. "Experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of ultra-lean premixed hydrogen/air using turbulent jet ignition" . | ENERGY 293 (2024) . |
| APA | Zhang, Tianyue , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Zhe , Wang, Shuofeng , Yang, Haowen , Wang, Huaiyu et al. Experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of ultra-lean premixed hydrogen/air using turbulent jet ignition . | ENERGY , 2024 , 293 . |
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Abstract ：
The flammability limits of the hydrogen-oxygen mixture are extremely wide, and the ignition energy is low. Due to its excellent combustion properties, the hydrogen-oxygen mixture can be used as fuel in internal combustion engines (ICEs). However, the combustion of hydrogen-oxygen mixture is too intense, which results in limited research on its application in ICEs and is limited to low-temperature conditions in aerospace. This research aims to numerically discuss the coupling effects of equivalence ratio and ignition timing on the port fuel injection hydrogen-oxygen ICE under the low-temperature intake condition. The three-dimensional geometric model of a single-cylinder ICE was established using the CONVERGE software and validated against the mean in-cylinder pressure and reaction mechanism. The results indicate that adjusting equivalence ratio and ignition timing operating parameters is beneficial for controlling the temperature and pressure in the cylinder within a reasonable range during the total combustion process. In general, under the low-temperature intake condition, adopting a high equivalence ratio and optimal ignition timing strategy improve the combustion process and power performance of the port fuel injection hydrogen-oxygen ICE.
Keyword ：
Port fuel injection Port fuel injection Hydrogen-oxygen internal combustion engine Hydrogen-oxygen internal combustion engine Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Changwei , Shen, Jianpu , Wang, Shuofeng . Numerical Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of the Port Fuel Injection Hydrogen-Oxygen Internal Combustion Engine Under the Low-Temperature Intake Condition [J]. | PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY CONVENTION, VOL 1, WHTC 2023 , 2024 , 393 : 25-34 . |
| MLA | Ji, Changwei et al. "Numerical Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of the Port Fuel Injection Hydrogen-Oxygen Internal Combustion Engine Under the Low-Temperature Intake Condition" . | PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY CONVENTION, VOL 1, WHTC 2023 393 (2024) : 25-34 . |
| APA | Ji, Changwei , Shen, Jianpu , Wang, Shuofeng . Numerical Investigation of Combustion Characteristics of the Port Fuel Injection Hydrogen-Oxygen Internal Combustion Engine Under the Low-Temperature Intake Condition . | PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY CONVENTION, VOL 1, WHTC 2023 , 2024 , 393 , 25-34 . |
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Abstract ：
In the context of carbon neutrality, high efficiency, low carbon, and zero environmental impact have become an essential development direction of internal combustion engines (ICEs). Hydrogen energy has the advantage of having a high calorific value. It also has zero carbon emissions and is considered one of the significant alternative fuels for ICEs. Moreover, ammonia has a high octane number and has an anti-knock effect, which facilitates the mitigation of knock in hydrogen ICEs and potentially mitigates the negative impact of knock on engine volume power. Scholars have carried out some explorations on ammonia-hydrogen ICEs (AHICE), which have been applied in marine power systems. It is anticipated that AHICE will become one of the most significant development directions in the field of vehicle power systems in the future. However, there are still some problems with using AHICEs in passenger cars. The proposed work presented a zero-carbon hybrid power system based on an AHICE. Specifically, the external characteristics curve and power output boundary were obtained by bench experiments of the ICE under wide open throttle (WOT) conditions and diverse engine speeds and lambda. Indeed, a hybrid system model consisting of an AHICE and a power battery was built where the AHICE was used to respond to the demanded power and the power battery was used to provide additional power and store the electrical energy converted from braking. Incidentally, an engine control strategy was developed to expand the knock limit and power boundary by dynamically adjusting the ammonia-hydrogen volume ratio. Finally, a hybrid power system simulation model was established based on MATLAB/Simulink. The CLTC-P and WLTC simulation results demonstrated that the zero-carbon hybrid system which comprised AHICE and power battery can work in the high efficiency area. The AHICE demonstrates lower fuel consumption while satisfying power requirements. This work provides a promising route to zero-carbon hybrid technology for the passenger car industry facing the challenge of carbon neutrality.
Keyword ：
Energy management strategy Energy management strategy ICE ICE Ammonia-hydrogen fuel vehicle Ammonia-hydrogen fuel vehicle Zero-carbon hybrid power system Zero-carbon hybrid power system
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Changwei , Xu, Song , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Research on modeling and control strategy of zero-carbon hybrid power system based on the ammonia-hydrogen engine [J]. | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 319 . |
| MLA | Ji, Changwei et al. "Research on modeling and control strategy of zero-carbon hybrid power system based on the ammonia-hydrogen engine" . | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT 319 (2024) . |
| APA | Ji, Changwei , Xu, Song , Wang, Shuofeng , Xin, Gu , Hong, Chen , Qiang, Yanfei et al. Research on modeling and control strategy of zero-carbon hybrid power system based on the ammonia-hydrogen engine . | ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT , 2024 , 319 . |
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Abstract ：
With the popularity of electric vehicles and climate change, it has become a typical scene to charge lithium -ion batteries (LIBs) at low temperatures at a high rate. Low temperature and high -rate charge and discharge would change the performance and then affect temperature rises, heat production and thermal runaway (TR) characteristics. This study tests the temperature rises of aging 18650 LIBs at various ambient temperatures and charge and discharge rates. The entropy and enthalpy changes of the batteries are computed based on the entropy coefficients, and subsequently, the heat productions of the batteries are computed. The TR test is carried out to explore the influence of rapid aging at low temperature environment on the thermal safety of LIBs. In this work, the heat generation mechanism and thermal runaway characteristics of lithium -ion batteries after lowtemperature and high -rate cyclic aging are introduced in detail, aiming to provide a reference for the process safe design and application of lithium -ion batteries at low -temperature and fast charging scenarios.
Keyword ：
Thermal runaway Thermal runaway Low -temperature Low -temperature Entropy Entropy Heat production Heat production Lithium -ion battery Lithium -ion battery
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Changwei , Liu, Dianqing , Liu, Yangyi et al. Effect of low temperature and high-rate cyclic aging on thermal characteristics and safety of lithium-ion batteries [J]. | PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION , 2024 , 188 : 1514-1526 . |
| MLA | Ji, Changwei et al. "Effect of low temperature and high-rate cyclic aging on thermal characteristics and safety of lithium-ion batteries" . | PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 188 (2024) : 1514-1526 . |
| APA | Ji, Changwei , Liu, Dianqing , Liu, Yangyi , Wang, Shuofeng , Wang, Yanan , Zhang, Zhizu et al. Effect of low temperature and high-rate cyclic aging on thermal characteristics and safety of lithium-ion batteries . | PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION , 2024 , 188 , 1514-1526 . |
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Abstract ：
Although pure hydrogen engines can achieve zero carbon and extremely low NOx emissions under ultra-lean combustion conditions, there are limitations with combustion stability and power performance. This paper combines turbulent jet ignition (TJI) and variable valve timing (VVT) technology, which not only improves the power output of pure hydrogen engines under ultra-lean combustion conditions but also ensures the engine's stable operation. Therefore, this research reveals the working characteristics of TJI engines under lean conditions through numerical methods and explores the optimization characteristics of VVT on engine power performance and stability through experiments. The results indicate that TJI utilizes strong turbulence and multiple-point ignition to improve the efficiency of the mixture and combustion speed, ensuring reliable ignition capability under ultra-lean operating and achieving a stable and effective combustion process. According to the experimental results, the combination of TJI with VVT technology can ensure engine cyclic-variability of less than 1.5 % and the maximum values of Brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are 4.5 bar and 41.6 %, respectively. This innovative technology combination not only enables the efficient and ecofriendly development of the transportation industry but also holds significant importance for promoting carbon-free fuels and environmental protection in the future.
Keyword ：
Turbulent jet ignition Turbulent jet ignition Hydrogen Hydrogen Variable valve timing Variable valve timing Low emission Low emission Ultra-lean combustion Ultra-lean combustion
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| GB/T 7714 | Qiang, Yanfei , Jin, Kai , Zhao, Shihao et al. Optimization of power performance and combustion stability of ultra-lean combustion in hydrogen fuel engines through combined turbulent jet ignition and variable valve timing [J]. | FUEL , 2024 , 381 . |
| MLA | Qiang, Yanfei et al. "Optimization of power performance and combustion stability of ultra-lean combustion in hydrogen fuel engines through combined turbulent jet ignition and variable valve timing" . | FUEL 381 (2024) . |
| APA | Qiang, Yanfei , Jin, Kai , Zhao, Shihao , Cai, Jichun , Su, Fangxu , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Optimization of power performance and combustion stability of ultra-lean combustion in hydrogen fuel engines through combined turbulent jet ignition and variable valve timing . | FUEL , 2024 , 381 . |
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Abstract ：
Turbulent jet ignition (TJI) is an advanced ignition strategy that can improve the ignition and combustion characteristics of low-reactivity mixtures. The utilization of TJI system may be reliable to achieve the application of ammonia (NH3) internal combustion engines. Hydrogen (H2) is a potential auxiliary fuel for the pre-chamber, and the injection of a small amount of H2 in the pre-chamber is beneficial for promoting the ignition and combustion of NH3/air in the main chamber. In this study, the ignition and combustion characteristics of NH3/air adopting the active TJI with assisted H2 injection in pre-chamber were investigated, and the relevant experiments were conducted in the constant volume combustion bomb system. The results show that the H2 prechamber can improve the flammability of NH3/air, and properly increasing H2 injection is conducive to the rapid ignition of NH3/air in the main chamber. The turbulence introduced into the main chamber by the hot jet enhances the combustion process, and the generation of turbulence weakens the sensitivity of the combustion rate to the reactivity of the unburned mixture. The turbulence intensity can be increased by decreasing the prechamber orifice diameter, which increases the ignition delay but significantly shortens the combustion duration.
Keyword ：
Active pre -chamber Active pre -chamber Ammonia Ammonia Hydrogen Hydrogen Combustion characteristics Combustion characteristics Turbulence jet ignition Turbulence jet ignition
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| GB/T 7714 | Wang, Zhe , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Du et al. Analysis of the combustion characteristics of ammonia/air ignited by turbulent jet ignition with assisted hydrogen injection in pre-chamber [J]. | FUEL , 2024 , 367 . |
| MLA | Wang, Zhe et al. "Analysis of the combustion characteristics of ammonia/air ignited by turbulent jet ignition with assisted hydrogen injection in pre-chamber" . | FUEL 367 (2024) . |
| APA | Wang, Zhe , Ji, Changwei , Wang, Du , Zhang, Tianyue , Wang, Shuofeng , Wang, Huaiyu et al. Analysis of the combustion characteristics of ammonia/air ignited by turbulent jet ignition with assisted hydrogen injection in pre-chamber . | FUEL , 2024 , 367 . |
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Abstract ：
This paper aims to numerically investigate the effects of high compression ratio (CR) on the performance of ammonia-hydrogen engines. In this work, four CRs from 10.7 to 13.7 with scanning spark timing (ST) from 28(degrees)CA to 0(degrees)CA BTDC were analyzed. The main results are as follows: As the CR increases, there is a trade-off relationship between the dissipation rate of turbulence and the turbulent kinetic energy (TICE). Initially, the TICE rises as the CR increases. As the CR continues to rise, the tendency for an increase in TICE diminishes, while the turbulent dissipation rate consistently rises. Additionally, there is an escalation in heat transfer loss. Therefore, there is a trend of rising and then falling in the flow velocity and turbulence intensity with the increase of the CR. Ammonia-hydrogen flame propagation is susceptible to temperature and flow field, and a high CR can improve ignition stability, shorten combustion duration, minimize cooling loss, and enhance output power. Unfortunately, the emission of NOx gradually rises as the CR increases. At high CR, the combustion performance is optimized by adjusting ST, and the maximum IMEP and ITE are 4 bar and 38.3 %, respectively. The ST for maximum braking torque (MBT) should be gradually delayed toward TDC as the CR increases.
Keyword ：
Spark-ignition timing Spark-ignition timing Ammonia Ammonia SI engine SI engine Compression ratio Compression ratio Combustion Combustion Hydrogen Hydrogen
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| GB/T 7714 | Ji, Changwei , Qiang, Yanfei , Wang, Shuofeng et al. Numerical investigation on the combustion performance of ammonia-hydrogen spark-ignition engine under various high compression ratios and different spark-ignition timings [J]. | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 56 : 817-827 . |
| MLA | Ji, Changwei et al. "Numerical investigation on the combustion performance of ammonia-hydrogen spark-ignition engine under various high compression ratios and different spark-ignition timings" . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY 56 (2024) : 817-827 . |
| APA | Ji, Changwei , Qiang, Yanfei , Wang, Shuofeng , Xin, Gu , Wang, Zhe , Hong, Chen et al. Numerical investigation on the combustion performance of ammonia-hydrogen spark-ignition engine under various high compression ratios and different spark-ignition timings . | INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY , 2024 , 56 , 817-827 . |
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